taurinus Latin · revision 35739

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la taurus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tau̯ˈriː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tau̯ˈriː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''taurīnus''' (feminine taurīna, neuter taurīnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|taurus|-īnus|t1=bull]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|taurus]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*tauro-|t=bull]]; that noun is cognate with [[grc|ταῦρος|tr=taûros|t=bull]], but its earlier history is uncertain, and de Vaan considers that it may be an early loanword, since similar words for “bull” exist in Semitic.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Bacchides'' has ''follēs taurīnī'', bellows of oxhide.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word means “of a bull or ox”, of the animal's hide, head, blood or gall,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and is mostly poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius has glue made from bulls, Virgil a bull's hide (''taurīnum tergum'') and the river Eridanus with horns on a bull's face, and Ovid a bull's forehead;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Pliny the Elder uses it of bull's blood, gall and dung in remedies.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) From the sense “of oxhide” it was used of drums: Statius has drum-beats and Claudian Phrygian drums.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In late texts the feminine ''taurīna'' is used as a noun, for beef in the ''Iudicium coci et pistoris''^(Georges 1913) and for an oxhide shoe in Diocletian's price edict.^(Conte 2010) Medieval Latin kept the sense “of or like a bull”: the ''Liber monstrorum'' gives the Minotaur a bull's head.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of bellows of oxhide.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius has glue made from bulls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has a bull's hide.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of bull's blood and gall.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it of drum-beats.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of or derived from a [[m|en|bull]] or ox, bull's.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Made of [[m|en|oxhide]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Late Latin, feminine taurīna)'' [[m|en|beef]]; a shoe of oxhide.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[taurus]]

+ * [[taureus]]

+ * [[en|taurine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate adjective ''Taurīnus'' means “of the Taurini”, a Ligurian people of Cisalpine Gaul; in their territory Augustus founded the colony Augusta Taurinorum, modern Turin.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Köbler suggests a Celtic origin for the tribal name.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}