hibernaculum Latin · revision 35736

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=la hiems}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hiː.bɛrˈnaː.kʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [i.berˈnaː.ku.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hībernāculum''' ''n'' (genitive hībernāculī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hībernō|-culum|t1=to spend the winter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) [[m|la|hībernō]] comes from [[m|la|hībernus|t=of winter]], which de Vaan derives from [[m|la|hiems|t=winter]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Varro already derived it from the word for winter.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Lucilius on, in the military sense of winter tents or huts;^(TLL) it then appears in the Lex Antonia de Termessibus of 71 BC, which orders soldiers to be led into ''hibernācula''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word is usually plural.^(OLD 2012) In the army ''hibernācula'' were the tents or buildings of a winter camp, and so the winter quarters themselves.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Sallust and Nepos use it of troops quartered for the winter;^(TLL) Livy reports that, during the siege of Veii, the building of ''hibernācula'' was something new for a Roman soldier, and that those of the Carthaginians were almost all of wood.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus and an address of the emperor Hadrian of AD 128 still use it of winter quarters.^(TLL)

+

+ In domestic architecture it meant the winter rooms of a house, those used only in winter: so Vitruvius and Columella, and Pliny the Younger in the singular.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medieval Latin Osbern of Gloucester glosses it as a house against the winter.^(DMLBS)

+

+ English [[m|en|hibernacle]] (1708) comes from the plural, and the Latin word itself was used in English biology from the 1690s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of winter tents.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 71 BC – The Lex Antonia de Termessibus speaks of soldiers led into winter quarters.^(TLL)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of an army's winter quarters.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of the winter rooms of a house.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy reports the building of winter huts at the siege of Veii.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 128 AD – An address of Hadrian uses it of winter quarters.^(TLL)

+ * 1708 – English borrows the plural as [[m|en|hibernacle]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(usually plural, military)'' [[m|en|winter quarters]], the tents or huts of a winter camp.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Winter rooms or a winter [[m|en|residence]].^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hībernālis]]

+ * [[hībernō]]

+ * [[hībernum]]

+ * [[hībernus]]

+ * [[en|hibernacle]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In a passage of Caesar's ''Gallic War'' some manuscripts read ''hibernācula'' where editors print ''hiberna''.^(TLL) Lewis and Short distinguish ''hibernācula'', the winter tents, from ''hiberna'', winter quarters in general.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}