stupeo Latin · revision 3571

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Terence|origins=ine-pro *(s)tewp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstʊ.pe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstuː.pe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stupeō''' (present infinitive stupēre, perfect active stupuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*stup-ē-|t=to be stunned]], [[inh|ine-pro|*stup-eh₁-|t=to be struck]], a stative verb to [[m|ine-pro|*(s)tewp-|t=to push, hit]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The same root, meaning “struck”, explains [[stuprum]] “dishonour”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|τύπτω|tr=túptō|t=to strike]] and [[grc|τύπος|tr=túpos|t=blow, impression]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) with the Luwian and Lycian verbs for “to strike”, and with [[sq|shtyp|t=to crush]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds it from Terence onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) whose character says his mind is numb with worry.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to be physically numb, paralysed or senseless, as Cicero's half-asleep man who could not collect himself.^(OLD 2012) More often it meant to be stunned, dazed or speechless with a strong emotion, to be astonished or bewildered, and with an accusative to marvel at something.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Livy uses ''stupere animi'', “to be dazed in mind”.^(Gaffiot 2016) Its derivatives ''stupor'' and ''stupidus'' gave English ''stupor'' in the late 14th century and ''stupid'' in the 1540s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence speaks of a mind numb with care.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a man half asleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses ''stupere animi''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''stupid'' comes from its derivative ''stupidus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be numb, paralysed; to be senseless.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be stunned, dazed, [[m|en|astounded]], bewildered.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To be astonished at, wonder at.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[astupeō]]

+ * [[circumstupeō]]

+ * [[obstipēscō]]

+ * [[stupefaciō]]

+ * [[stupefio]]

+ * [[stupēscō]]

+ * [[stupidus]]

+ * [[stupor]]

+ * [[constupeō]]

+ * [[īnstupeō]]

+ * [[obstupefaciō]]

+ * [[stupēns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stuprum]]

+ * [[en|stupid]]

+ * [[en|stupor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}