clamosus Latin · revision 35709

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la clāmō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɫaːˈmoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [klaˈmɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clāmōsus''' (feminine clāmōsa, neuter clāmōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|clāmor|-ōsus|t1=shout]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) or Wiktionary's analysis, a noun [[m|la|*klāmo-]] underlying the verb [[clāmō]], with the same suffix.^(Wiktionary) Isidore of Seville explained it as if it were ⟨calamōsus⟩, from [[calamus]] “reed”, because the reed makes a sound.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and Köbler find it first in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'',^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) which uses it of a rapid, shouting delivery in speaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it mostly post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people it means given to shouting: Seneca lists it among the faults of an angry temper, Quintilian has a “turbulent and shouting wrangler”, and Juvenal and Martial a shouting father and a shouting schoolmaster.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Lucan uses it of a hunting dog's barking muzzle.^(OLD 2012) Of places it means full of noise: the forum in Seneca's tragedies, the city and the theatre crowd in Statius, the Circus in Juvenal and the Subura in Martial.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian has the adverb ''clāmōsē'', “clamorously”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it could mean “of ill repute” and “accused”.^(Niermeyer 1976) British writers used it of loud voices and noisy frogs, and Gerald of Wales says a lake of Brecknock was called ''clāmōsus''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of shouting delivery.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of angry people and of the forum.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian has it and the adverb ''clāmōsē''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of a schoolmaster and of the Subura.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore derives it from ''calamus''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Given to [[m|en|shout|alt=shouting]] or [[m|en|bawl|alt=bawling]], [[m|en|clamorous]]; of a dog, barking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Marked by shouting, loud, noisy (of speech or delivery).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Filled with noise or shouting (of places).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of ill repute; accused.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}