inquilinus Latin · revision 35706

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la colō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋ.kʷɪˈliː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋ.kʷiˈliː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inquilīnus''' ''m'' (genitive inquilīnī, feminine inquilīna); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Lewis and Short also give an adjective ''inquilīnus, -a, -um''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|colō#1|-īnus|t1=in|t2=to inhabit]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) built on an old stem ⟨*quil-⟩ of the verb rather than on ⟨col-⟩.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan notes that the word is not recorded before Cicero; if it is old, it shows a Proto-Italic /kʷe/ becoming /kʷi/ before a palatal /l/, instead of the change to /kʷo/ seen in the verb.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary reconstructs [[itc-pro|*enkʷilīnos]].^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short and Etymonline explain it instead as standing for ⟨*incolīnus⟩, from [[incola]] “inhabitant”;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline) the TLL also derives it from that noun, like ⟨Esquilīnus⟩, and reports Leumann's view that [[vīcīnus]] “neighbour” influenced its meaning.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and the OLD find it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) who in the Second Philippic says that while his opponent was the tenant of a house, not its owner, the whole place rang with the voices of drunkards (''tē inquilīnō, nōn enim dominō'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word named someone living in a place that was not his own, especially a lodger or tenant beside the owner (''dominus''):^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Suetonius speaks of the tenants of private houses and blocks of flats, and Seneca and Martial of a lodger in the same house.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) More generally it meant an inhabitant, as of the dwellers of a village on the Po in Pliny the Elder, and Ammianus calls some men the permanent inmates of the prisons.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ It was easily turned to scorn: Sallust reports Cicero being called an ''inquilīnus cīvis urbis Rōmae'', a citizen who was a mere lodger in Rome, since he was not born there.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Seneca calls students who attend lectures without learning anything “lodgers, not disciples”, Varro has vices moving in as lodgers, and Tertullian makes the soul the lodger of the flesh.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Roman law used it of a kind of serf, perhaps at first a barbarian settled on Roman land.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for a foreigner and for a free tenant or cottar;^(Niermeyer 1976) British lawyers distinguished the ''inquilīnus'' who rents a house in town from the ''colōnus'' who farms the land.^(DMLBS) It survives in [[it|inquilino]] “tenant”.^(Conte 2010) English [[m|en|inquiline]] meant “lodger” from the 1640s and took its zoological sense, an animal living in another's dwelling, in 1865.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it figuratively of vices as lodgers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the tenant of a house.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust reports Cicero being called an ''inquilīnus'' citizen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of the inhabitants of a village.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian calls the soul the lodger of the flesh.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1640s – English borrows it as [[m|en|inquiline]] “lodger”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|lodger]] or [[m|en|tenant]], one who lives in another's house.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # An [[m|en|inhabitant|alt=inhabitant]], denizen.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A mere sojourner, one who is present without belonging.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(law)'' A kind of [[m|en|serf]], perhaps originally a barbarian settled on Roman territory.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A foreigner; a free tenant, [[m|en|cottar]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of foreign birth, not native.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inquilīnātus]]

+ * [[inquilīnō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[incola]]

+ * [[en|inquiline]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}