homicidium Latin · revision 35702

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Seneca the Elder|origins=la homicīda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hɔ.mɪˈkiː.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [o.miˈt͡ʃiː.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''homicīdium''' ''n'' (genitive homicīdiī or homicīdī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|homicīda|t=man-slayer]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]], as [[parricīdium]] goes with [[parricīda]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary analyses it as [[af|la|homō|-cīdium]].^(Wiktionary) Isidore of Seville explained it as made of [[homō]] and [[caedēs]] “slaughter”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first, and often, in the elder Seneca's declamations, then once each in Valerius Maximus, Petronius and Pliny the Elder and three times in Seneca the philosopher.^(TLL) Köbler's first source is Seneca.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it post-Classical; its sense was always the killing of a human being, manslaughter or murder.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Quintilian uses it of a charge of homicide in court, and Tacitus has it in the ''Germania''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) The TLL notes that it was usually done with a weapon and only rarely by poison, and that the plural appears from Seneca on;^(TLL) Tertullian lists the sword, poison and magic spells as its means.^(TLL) A feminine ''homicīdia'' is found in an Old Latin Bible manuscript.^(TLL)

+

+ In the Church it meant murder.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin also used it for the fine paid for a killing and for slaughter in war;^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) English legal writers such as Glanvill distinguished secret killing (''murdrum'') from simple ''homicīdium''.^(DMLBS) It survives in [[it|omicidio]].^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca the philosopher uses it three times.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of a charge of homicide.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian lists the ways a homicide is done.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|homicide|alt=Homicide]], [[m|en|manslaughter]], [[m|en|murder]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The fine paid for a killing.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Slaughter, carnage (in war).^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[homicīdiālis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}