tumeo Latin · revision 3570

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *tum-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtʊ.me.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtuː.me.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tumeō''' (present infinitive tumēre); second conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*tum-ē-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*tum-eh₁-|t=to be swelling]], a stative verb from [[m|ine-pro|*tum-|t=to swell]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) [[tumulus]] “mound” and [[tumor]] “swelling” come from it, and probably [[tumultus]] “uproar” too, though its formation is unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[cy|tyfu|t=to grow]], [[sa|तुम्र|tr=túmra|t=strong, thick]], [[lt|tumėti|t=to become thick]] and [[non|þumalfingr|t=thumb]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who asks “what is this swelling on your neck?”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was to swell or be swollen, of the body, as Ovid's body swollen with poison, and of the sea or a river running high, as in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it meant to be inflamed with anger or unrest, as in Cicero, and to be puffed up with pride, as Horace's “you swell with love of praise”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Of speakers and writers it meant to be bombastic.^(OLD 2012) English ''tumor'' (early 15th century) and ''tumult'' (late 14th century) come from its derivatives.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a swelling on the neck.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a mind inflamed by anger.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of swelling waves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''tumor'' comes from its derivative ''tumor''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|swell]], be swollen.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of water)'' To swell, run high.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To be inflamed with passion or unrest.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be puffed up with pride.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of style)'' To be [[m|en|bombastic]], turgid.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extumeō]]

+ * [[tōmentum]]

+ * [[tumefaciō]]

+ * [[tumentia]]

+ * [[tumidus]]

+ * [[tumēscō]]

+ * [[tumor]]

+ * [[tumultus]]

+ * [[tumulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tumidē]]

+ * [[tumiditās]]

+ * [[tumidō]]

+ * [[tumidōsus]]

+ * [[tumidulus]]

+ * [[tumōrōsus]]

+ * [[tumulāmen]]

+ * [[tumulō]]

+ * [[tumulōsus]]

+ * [[en|tumor]]

+ * [[en|tumult]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''turgere'', swelling with real fullness, from ''tumere'', swelling that hides emptiness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}