septies Latin · revision 35675

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *septḿ̥}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''septiēs''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Also ''septiēns''; the OLD files the word under that form.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|septem|-iēs|t1=seven]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|septem]] to [[itc-pro|*septm̥]] and [[ine-pro|*septḿ̥|t=seven]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|सप्त|tr=saptá]], [[grc|ἑπτά|tr=heptá]] and [[lt|septynì]], all meaning “seven”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in the speech for Plancius speaks of a man who, after twice being defeated for the aedileship, was made consul seven times.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “seven times, on seven occasions”: Livy says that the strait of Euripus does not ebb and flow seven times a day at fixed hours,^(OLD 2012) and Pliny the Elder writes of an echo that repeats the same sound seven times.^(OLD 2012) As a multiplier it forms large numbers, especially in sums of money: ''septiēns miliēns'' (with ''sestertium'' understood) is seven hundred million sesterces, a sum Cicero asks about in the Philippics.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Terentianus Maurus uses it for “in seven different ways”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ In Late Latin it also means “for the seventh time”, as in ''septiēs cōnsul'' in the ''Historia Augusta'', in Ammianus and in the Theodosian Code.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) In Ecclesiastical Latin it is “sevenfold, seven times”.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval British writers used it in both ways, in reckonings such as Bede's “seven times twelve make eighty-four” and in Alcuin's ''septies inque die dominum laudare memento'', “remember to praise the Lord seven times a day”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for “seven times” and in sums of money.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the tides of the Euripus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of an echo.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus Marcellinus uses it for “for the seventh time”.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Seven times, on seven occasions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Seven times (as a [[m|en|multiplier]]); ''septiēns miliēns'', seven hundred million (sesterces).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # In seven different ways.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' For the seventh time.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}