privus Latin · revision 3567

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *prei-uo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpriː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpriː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prīvus''' (feminine prīva, neuter prīvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*prei-wo-|t=separate, individual]], [[inh|ine-pro|*prei-uo-]].^(de Vaan 2008) It is probably a derivative with *-u̯o- of the stem *prei- “in front, before” seen in [[prior]] and [[primus|alt=prīmus]], with a shift of meaning from “standing in front” to “standing apart”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ Compare [[xum|preve|t=singly]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who promises his pupils a guard each.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant one's own, private, individual, as Cato's lids belonging to each jar, and single or separate, as Lucretius' voice dividing among separate ears.^(OLD 2012) Gellius notes that the old writers said ''priva'' where later Latin said ''singula'', and Lucretius has ''in dies privos'', “day by day”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ With a genitive it meant deprived of something, as in Sallust and Apuleius.^(OLD 2012) It was archaic in the classical period.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its derivatives [[privo|alt=prīvō]] “to deprive” and [[privatus|alt=prīvātus]] “private” gave English ''deprive'' and ''private'' in the 14th century.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the sense “one's own”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of the lids of each jar.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it in the sense “single, each”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it in the sense “devoid of”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''private'' comes from its derivative ''privatus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # One's own, [[m|en|private]], individual.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Single, separate; each.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(with genitive)'' Deprived of, devoid of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prīvō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prior]]

+ * [[privatus]]

+ * [[en|private]]

+ * [[en|deprive]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts ''privus'', one's own as opposed to ''alienus'', with ''proprius'', exclusively one's own as opposed to ''communis''.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}