Antrag German · revision 35669

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=early 14th century, Friedrich von Schwaben|origins=gem-pro *draganą}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈʔantʁaːk]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Antrag''' ''m'' (genitive Antrages or Antrags, plural Anträge)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|antrac|t=plot, scheme]], a back-formation from the verb [[m|gmh|anetragen|t=to bring up; to instigate]], from [[m|gmh|ane|t=on, at]] and [[m|gmh|tragen|t=to carry]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler MHD)^(DWB2|3, 35) Kluge treats it as the abstract noun of [[tragen]].^(Kluge 2011|923) The prefixed verb is old: [[goh|anatragan]] is recorded from the 9th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ The base verb continues [[goh|tragan]], [[gem-pro|*draganą|t=to drag, carry]], also in [[got|𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽|tr=dragan]], [[non|draga]], [[ang|dragan]] and [[osx|dragan]]; in English and Norse it means “to draw, pull” rather than “to carry”, and [[en|draw]] is the same verb.^(Kluge 2011|923)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) Kluge finds no certain comparison outside Germanic: [[la|trahō|t=to draw, drag]] matches in meaning but not in sound.^(Kluge 2011|923)^(Kroonen 2013) Pfeifer sets up a root [[ine-pro|*dherāgh-|t=to draw, drag along the ground]], and Kroonen explains the verb as an intensive with the o-grade, without a clear etymology.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''antrac'' first appears in the romance ''Friedrich von Schwaben'' (first half of the 14th century), meaning a treacherous plan or attack: ''got … du erkennst wol disen antrag'' “God, you well know this plot”.^(DWB2|3, 35)^(Köbler MHD)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Early New High German ''Antrag'' meant a plot or scheme, the start of an undertaking, a skirmish, and also an agreement or a formal request.^(FWB)^(DWB2|3, 35) The Grimms note that the word was rare in the older language and current only in their own time, in phrases such as ''einen Antrag machen, stellen, annehmen'' and ''auf Antrag'' “at someone's request”;^(DWB|1, 502) ''einem Mädchen Anträge machen'' then mostly had a bad sense.^(DWB|1, 502) Adelung (1793) defines it as the act of offering something and the thing offered.^(Adelung 1793|1, 392) The modern senses, a formal application to an authority, a motion in a parliament or meeting, and a proposal of marriage, are those of the 19th and 20th centuries; the verb [[beantragen]] “to apply for, to move” dates from the 19th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th century – Old High German ''anatragan'' “to bring up” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * First half of the 14th century – Middle High German ''antrac'' “plot” appears in ''Friedrich von Schwaben''.^(DWB2|3, 35)^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1415 – A Strasbourg chronicle uses ''antrag tun'' for a plot against a father.^(DWB2|3, 35)

+ * 1793 – Adelung records the sense “offer”: ''einen Antrag thun, verwerfen, annehmen''.^(Adelung 1793|1, 392)

+ * 19th century – ''beantragen'' “to apply for, to propose formally” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|application]] or formal [[m|en|request]] to an authority: ''Sie hat einen Antrag auf Elterngeld gestellt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The form on which such a request is made: ''Holen Sie sich den Antrag im Bürgeramt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A [[m|en|motion]] or proposal put to a vote in a parliament or meeting: ''Der Antrag der Opposition wurde abgelehnt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(elevated, dated)'' An offer: ''Er machte ihr den Antrag, sie zu begleiten.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A proposal of marriage, short for [[Heiratsantrag]]: ''Er hat ihr im Urlaub einen Antrag gemacht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[beantragen]]

+ * [[Heiratsantrag]]

+ * [[antragen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tragen]]

+ * [[Vertrag]]

+ * [[Auftrag]]

+ * [[en|draw]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}