ferio Latin · revision 3566

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰerH-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''feriō''' (present infinitive ferīre, perfect active feriī, future active participle ferītūrus); fourth conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fer-je/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰerH-|t=to pierce, strike]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The same root has the o-grade in [[foro|alt=forō]] “to bore”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) A laryngeal-final root should have given Latin *ferā-, so the loss of the laryngeal before the suffix needs explaining.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[sq|bie|t=to fall, get through]],^(de Vaan 2008) and the OLD and Georges compare [[goh|berjan|t=to strike]] and [[lt|barti|t=to rebuke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of striking someone's thigh.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to hit or strike, as Cicero's striking an opponent, and to hit a target, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to strike dead, and ''securi ferire'' “to behead”; to cut open, pierce or lance, as Virgil's opening a vein in the foot; and to strike coins.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ''Foedus ferire'', “to strike a treaty”, from the sacrifice of a victim, is found from Ennius onwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also meant to strike the strings of a lyre, to afflict, and to strike the mind or senses, as Cicero's metaphor that strikes the sense.^(OLD 2012) The perfect was supplied by [[percutio|alt=percussī]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) It survives as Italian ''ferire'' and Spanish ''herir'', “to wound”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of striking.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses ''foedus ferire'', “to strike a treaty”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''securi feriri'', “to be beheaded”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of opening a vein.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To hit, [[m|en|strike]], beat.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hit (a target).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike dead, kill, ''securi ferire'': to [[m|en|behead]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''foedus ferire'': to make a [[m|en|treaty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To strike (coins).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cut open, pierce, lance.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To collide with, hit.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike (the strings of a lyre).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To afflict.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike (the mind or senses), impress.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(grammar)'' To give a stress to.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ferentārius]]

+ * [[referiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[forō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''ferire'' and ''icere'', blows that penetrate or break, from ''verberare'', blows that rebound.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}