lira Latin · revision 3565

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Columella|origins=ine-pro *lois-h₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈliː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''līra''' ''f'' (genitive līrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*loisā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*lois-h₂-|t=furrow, track]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[prg|lyso|t=field bed]], [[cu|лѣха|tr=lěxa|t=field bed, furrow]] and [[goh|leisa|t=track]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) and perhaps with the month name [[osc|luisarifs]].^(de Vaan 2008) The same root gives [[en|learn]], with a basic sense “to follow a track”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Columella (1st century AD) onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who says farmers call ''lirae'' the ridges between two wide furrows that give the grain a dry bed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a farming word for the ridge of earth thrown up between two furrows, and also the furrow itself.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) An archaic form ''lera'' is reported by Nonius.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Its derivative [[deliro|alt=dēlīrō]], literally “to go off the furrow”, meant “to be mad”, and gave English ''delirium''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses its derivative ''delirare'', “to be mad”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of the ridges between furrows.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''delirium'' comes from its derivative.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The ridge between two furrows.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|furrow]].^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[līrātim]]

+ * [[līrō]]

+ * [[dēlīrāmentum]]

+ * [[dēlīrātiō]]

+ * [[dēlīritās]]

+ * [[dēlīrō]]

+ * [[dēlīrus]]

+ * [[līrātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|delirium]]

+ * [[en|learn]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says ''lira'' could mean either the ridge, properly ''porca'', or the furrow, properly ''sulcus''.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}