Rennen German · revision 35626

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1272, Jans der Enikel|origins=gem-pro *rannijaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈʁɛnən]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Rennen''' ''n'' (genitive Rennens, plural Rennen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|rennen|t=running; tournament]], the verb [[rennen]] used as a noun.^(Köbler MHD)^(Lexer 1872|2, 405)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The verb goes back to [[goh|rennen|t=to make run or flow]], from [[gem-pro|*rannijaną|t=to cause to run]], the causative of the verb continued in [[rinnen]], [[gem-pro|*rinnaną|t=to run, flow]].^(Kluge 2011|760)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|7, 383) The same causative is found in [[got|𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=urrannjan|t=to make rise]], [[non|renna]], [[ang|ærnan]] (with metathesis of /r/) and [[osx|rennian]].^(Kluge 2011|760)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|689)

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+ At first the verb meant to set something in motion, drive or chase; in Middle High German, with its object (a horse) left out, it came to be used without one, meaning “to run fast” or “to ride fast”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|689)^(Paul 2002) Wiktionary adds that the causative and the intransitive verb have merged, as in [[nl|rennen]] and [[en|run]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''rennen'' as a noun is recorded from about 1272 in Jans der Enikel's chronicle, meaning a race, a tournament, a raid or a chase.^(Köbler MHD) Lexer gives it as the running and the tournament, with the pairing of ''rennen'' and ''jostieren'' “jousting”.^(Lexer 1872|2, 405)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Early New High German ''rennen'' was above all a charge or attack, on foot or on horseback, and a discipline of the tournament fought on horseback with sharp weapons, often paired with ''stechen'', the joust with blunted lances; it only rarely meant a horse race.^(FWB)^(DWB|14, 812) The Grimms' dictionary quotes chronicles of the 16th century in which a king arranges a ''rennen unnd thurnieren'' and two riders unhorse each other in the first ''rennen''.^(DWB|14, 812) Pfeifer dates the sense “sporting contest in running, riding or driving” from the 15th century, after older “tournament, hunt, chase”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE) With modern sport the noun and its compounds (''Pferderennen'', ''Autorennen'', ''Radrennen'') came to name races of every kind.^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 10th century – Old High German ''rennen'' “to drive, make run” appears in glosses.^(Kluge 2011|760)^(EWA|7, 383)

+ * c. 1272 – Middle High German ''rennen'' as a noun, in Jans der Enikel.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 15th century – ''Rennen'' is used for a contest of speed, after the older senses “tournament, chase”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ * 16th century – Chronicles describe the ''rennen'' at tournaments.^(DWB|14, 812)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|race]], a sporting contest in which the fastest over a course, running, riding or driving, wins: ''Sie hat das Rennen über zehn Kilometer gewonnen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A contest between rivals for something: ''das Rennen um den Vorsitz''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The act of [[m|en|running]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Renner]]

+ * [[Autorennen]]

+ * [[Motorradrennen]]

+ * [[Pferderennen]]

+ * [[Radrennen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rennen]]

+ * [[rinnen]]

+ * [[en|run]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Das Rennen ist gelaufen'' (colloquial) means that the matter is settled and nothing more can be done.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Das Rennen machen'' is to win, to come out on top.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}