Tür German · revision 35611

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German|origins=ine-pro *dʰwer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /tyːr/, [tʰyːɐ̯]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Tür''' ''f'' (genitive Tür, plural Türen, diminutive Türchen n or Türlein n or Türl n)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling was ''Thür'' or ''Thüre''.^(DWB|21, 457)^(Wiktionary) The form ''Türe'', Middle High German ''türe'', is still used in Central and Southern German.^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older texts, as late as Gryphius, could give the dative singular the weak ending of the plural, as ''under der thüren''.^(DWB|21, 457)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|tür]], [[inh|goh|turi]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*dur]], [[inh|gem-pro|*durīz|t=door]].^(Wiktionary)^(Kluge 2011|935) The Old High German word was originally a plural, the two wings of a door, which German reinterpreted as a singular.^(Kluge 2011|935)^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|21, 457) The Germanic noun mostly appears in the dual or plural, as in [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃|tr=daurōns]] and [[non|dyrr]], beside [[ang|duru]], [[ofs|dore]] and [[osx|duri]]; it is continued in [[nl|deur]], [[en|door]] and [[sv|dörr]].^(Kluge 2011|935)^(Kroonen 2013) Kroonen explains the Norse and German forms from an old dual [[ine-pro|*dʰur-ih₁]].^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The source is [[ine-pro|*dʰwer-|t=door]], an ablauting word also found in [[grc|θύρα|tr=thúra]], [[la|foris|alt=forēs]] (a plural), [[lt|dùrys]] and [[cu|двьри|tr=dvĭri]], and with a different initial in [[sa|द्वार|tr=dvā́ra]].^(Kluge 2011|935)^(Duden 7 2020) The word [[Tor]] “gate” is closely related.^(Kluge 2011|935)^(Duden 7 2020|880)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''turi'' is recorded from the 8th century, meaning “door, gate, portal”, in the Benedictine Rule, Isidor, the Monsee fragments, the Murbach hymns, the Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and Williram, and in the glosses.^(Kluge 2011|935)^(Schützeichel 2012|343) Beside it stood a form [[m|goh|tura]].^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Early New High German used ''tür'' for the entrance of a house, a cave or a tomb, for the wing that closes it, and figuratively for the door of the heart or of heaven, often in the pair ''tür und tor''.^(FWB)^(Paul 2002) Many phrases are recorded from the 16th century: Luther has the Last Day ''fur der thur'' (“at the door”, near at hand), and ''mit der Tür ins Haus fallen'' “to come straight out with something” is recorded in the same century.^(Paul 2002) ''Einer Sache Tür und Tor öffnen'', to let something in freely, refers to the farmhouse, with a door for people and a gate for cattle and carts.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ ''Zwischen Tür und Angel'' has changed its meaning several times: in the 14th century it meant being in a tight spot, two centuries later being at a loss, and today it means in passing, in a hurry.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The ''Tag der offenen Tür'', the open day of an institution, is a modern use.^(Paul 2002) [[Türangel]], the hinge pin of a door, dates from the 15th century.^(Duden 7 2020|880)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''turi'' is first recorded.^(Kluge 2011|935)

+ * 14th century – ''zwischen Tür und Angel'' means being in distress.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+ * 15th century – First record of ''Türangel''.^(Duden 7 2020|880)

+ * 16th century – ''mit der Tür ins Haus fallen'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|door]]: a usually rectangular panel hung on [[m|en|hinge|alt=hinges]] that closes a passage: ''Die Tür klemmt schon wieder.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|doorway]], the opening in a wall that a door closes: ''Sie blieb in der Tür stehen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A similar, usually smaller door of a cupboard, an oven or a vehicle, and the opening it closes: ''ein Kombi mit fünf Türen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Türangel]]

+ * [[Türklinke]]

+ * [[Türschwelle]]

+ * [[Türsteher]]

+ * [[Haustür]]

+ * [[Hintertür]]

+ * [[Drehtür]]

+ * [[Wohnungstür]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Tor]]

+ * [[en|door]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''hinter verschlossenen Türen'' “behind closed doors, in secret”, ''jemandem die Tür weisen'' “to show someone the door”, ''vor der Tür stehen'' “to be imminent”, and ''offene Türen einrennen'' “to force an open door”, to argue for what nobody disputes.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}