Einwohner German · revision 35604

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation, calque|attested=mid-13th century, Wigamur}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈaɪ̯nˌvoːnər/, [ˈʔaɪ̯nˌvoː.nɐ], [-ˌʋoː-]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Einwohner''' ''m'' (genitive Einwohners, plural Einwohner, feminine Einwohnerin)^(Wiktionary)

+ Until the 15th century the form was mostly ''inwoner''; in the 16th century ''einwohner'' prevailed in writing, while ''Inwohner'' lasted into the 19th century.^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+ Adelung notes that the form should strictly be ''Inwohner'', because the preposition ''in'' with the dative is not ''ein'' in compounds, but that usage had made ''Einwohner'' almost general.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|inwoner]], beside [[m|gmh|innewoner]], formed with [[-er]] from the verb [[einwohnen]], [[m|gmh|innewonen]] “to dwell in”, from [[wohnen]].^(DWB2|7, 1140)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler MHD) Paul takes it as a loan translation of [[la|incola|t=inhabitant]].^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary DE) The same word is [[gml|inwōner]], [[dum|inwoonre]] and [[nl|inwoner]], and [[sv|invånare]] was borrowed from German.^(DWB2|7, 1140)^(DWB|3, 345) The modern ⟨ein-⟩ replaced ⟨in-⟩, the form of the preposition with the dative, by the form used with the accusative.^(Adelung 1793)^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, in the romance ''Wigamur'' of the middle of the 13th century, names the occupants of a castle.^(DWB2|7, 1140) Nikolaus von Jeroschin (1331–1341) has ''innewoner'', and a theological text of after 1323 ''einwoner''.^(Köbler MHD)^(DWB|3, 345)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Luther's Bible made the word common: ''ich stincke fur den Einwonern dieses Lands'' “I stink before the inhabitants of this land” (Genesis 34:30).^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|3, 345) From the 15th century it also meant a person who lived in someone else's house for rent or in service, a lodger, where Upper German had ''Inmann'' and northern German ''Einlieger''.^(DWB2|7, 1140) Austrian ''Inwohner'' “occupant, tenant” survives.^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+

+ Adelung records the narrower use in which the ''Einwohner'' of a place are opposed to its citizens, the resident aliens without full civic rights.^(Adelung 1793)^(Wiktionary) He and the Grimms also describe the division that usage made between ''Einwohner'', the settled resident of a country, town or village, and ''Bewohner'', the occupant of a house or room, or the animals of a forest.^(Adelung 1793)^(DWB|3, 345) The verb ''einwohnen'' was still used by Schiller and Tieck.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mid-13th century – ''Wigamur'' names the occupants of a castle ''inwoner''.^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+ * 1331–1341 – Nikolaus von Jeroschin uses ''innewoner''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1526 – Luther writes ''einwoner'' for the occupant of a house.^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+ * 1586 – A record from Transylvania uses ''einwoner'' for a tenant on a farm.^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+ * 16th century – ''Einwohner'' prevails over ''inwoner'' in writing.^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|inhabitant]], someone whose permanent [[m|en|residence]] is in a given municipality, region or country: ''Die Insel hat kaum 2000 Einwohner.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rare)'' The occupant of a house.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB2|7, 1140)

+ # ''(historical, also Inwohner)'' A resident without the full rights of a citizen.^(Wiktionary)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Einwohnerin]]

+ * [[Einwohnerzahl]]

+ * [[einwohnerreich]]

+ * [[einwohnerarm]]

+ * [[Einwohnermeldeamt]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[wohnen]]

+ * [[Bewohner]]

+ * [[Wohnung]]

+ * [[gewohnt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}