status Latin · revision 3560

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsta.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''status''' ''m'' (genitive statūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a noun of action from [[sto|alt=stō]] “to stand”, [[inh|itc-pro|*statu-|t=setting up]], [[inh|ine-pro|*sth₂tu-|t=placement]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[sla-pro|*statъ|t=wealth]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who has someone mock another's way of standing, “like a king”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It first meant the way of standing, posture or position, as in Plautus and Cicero, and then stature, the position of the stars, and in rhetoric the point at issue in a case, as Quintilian explains.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From this it meant condition: the physical state of a body, the circumstances of a person, and the state of affairs, as Cicero's “this state of things everyone groans at”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant the constitution of a state, as Cicero's ''optimus civitatis status'', a person's rank or standing, and in law one's legal position.^(OLD 2012) Quintilian used it for the grammatical mood.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin it also meant a choir stall, a market stall and a legal status of persons, and New Latin used it for a political state.^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) English ''state'' (c. 1200) and ''estate'' came from it through Old French, and ''status'' was borrowed directly in the 1670s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a way of standing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the state of affairs and of the constitution.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it in rhetoric and grammar.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''state'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1670s – English ''status'' is borrowed.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A standing position, posture.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|Stature]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A position (of a person or thing).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' The point at issue.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A physical state, condition.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Circumstances, situation; a state of affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|constitution]] (of a state).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rank, standing.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' Legal position, [[m|en|status]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Mood.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' A [[m|en|state]] (political unit).^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[statārius]]

+ * [[staticulum]]

+ * [[staticulus]]

+ * [[statūlīber]]

+ * [[statūlībertās]]

+ * [[statuō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sto]]

+ * [[en|state]]

+ * [[en|status]]

+ * [[en|estate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The adjective ''status'', “fixed, regular”, is the participle of [[sisto|alt=sistō]], as in Cicero's ''statum sacrificium'', a sacrifice held at a fixed time.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein distinguishes ''conditio'', a state set by will, from ''status'', a state arising from circumstances.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}