Streit German · revision 35597

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=gem-pro *strīdaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʃtʁaɪ̯t/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Streit''' ''m'' (genitive Streites or Streits, plural Streite or Streits)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|strīt]], [[inh|goh|strīt]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*strīd]], [[inh|gem-pro|*strīdaz|t=battle, fight]], the noun belonging to [[streiten]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|891) The same noun is [[osx|strīd|t=strife, zeal]], [[non|stríð|t=grief, distress, fight]], [[dum|strijt]] and [[ofs|strīd]], continued in [[nl|strijd]] and [[sv|strid]];^(DWB|19, 1310)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|832) Old English has it only in the Genesis translated from Old Saxon.^(DWB|19, 1310)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|832) The verb, [[gem-pro|*strīdaną]], is also [[ang|strīdan|t=to stride, straddle]], whose sense lives on in [[en|stride]].^(Kluge 2011|891)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ The further origin is unclear.^(Kluge 2011|891) Kluge suggests either a basic sense “to spread apart”, which could lead to “part ways, quarrel” and to “straddle, stride”, or influence from [[schreiten]] on the English meaning, and compares [[lt|strainùs|t=stubborn]].^(Kluge 2011|891) Pfeifer and Duden start from a sense “to be stubborn, resist” (compare [[non|stríðr|t=hard, obstinate]]) and set up [[ine-pro|*strē̆idʰ-]], an extension of the root of [[starren]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|832)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''strīt'' is recorded from 765 in glosses, and in the Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and early confessions, meaning strife, discord, uprising, a lawsuit and also a fight or war.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|317)^(Pfeifer 1993) Paul takes the oldest sense to be “distress, pain”, from which “zeal, eager effort” developed, as in Old Saxon.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle High German ''strīt'' was above all an armed fight, a battle, and also a lawsuit, a contest, resistance and an army.^(Köbler MHD)^(Pfeifer 1993) Luther's Bible uses it constantly for war (''in den Streit ziehen''), and Adelung (1798) says that this sense was obsolete in ordinary High German but still used in the elevated style.^(Adelung 1793) Pfeifer dates the turn: at the end of the 18th century ''Kampf'' took over the armed sense, so that since the 19th century ''Streit'' has mostly meant a dispute in words or law and a quarrel.^(Pfeifer 1993) The old sense survives in ''Streitaxt'' (about 1400), ''Streitwagen'' (15th century) and ''Streitmacht'' (18th century).^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|832)

+

+ Learned disputes have been called ''Streit'' since Fischart (''ein newer glehrter streit''), and the legal ''Rechtsstreit'', ''Streitfall'' and ''Streitwert'' belong to the language of the courts.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Streitschrift'' “polemic” dates from the 17th century, ''Streithammel'' “quarrelsome person” from about 1800, and ''die Streitaxt begraben'' “to bury the hatchet” from the 19th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 765 – Old High German ''strīt'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 1400 – First record of ''Streitaxt''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1405 – ''strittig'' is recorded in a dispute about a water pipe.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 15th century – First record of ''Streitwagen''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – First record of ''Streitschrift''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * End of the 18th century – ''Kampf'' replaces ''Streit'' for armed combat.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1800 – First record of ''Streithammel''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|quarrel]], [[m|en|dispute]] or argument, a heated clash of views or interests, sometimes coming to blows: ''Die Nachbarn liegen seit Jahren im Streit.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated)'' A fight, [[m|en|battle]]: ''in den Streit ziehen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Streitaxt]]

+ * [[Streithammel]]

+ * [[streitig]]

+ * [[Streitigkeit]]

+ * [[Streitwagen]]

+ * [[Wettstreit]]

+ * [[Rechtsstreit]]

+ * [[Streitkraft]]

+ * [[streitbar]]

+ * [[strittig]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[streiten]]

+ * [[Streiterei]]

+ * [[starren]]

+ * [[en|stride]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An unrelated ''Streit'' was an old name of the [[Immergrün]] (lesser periwinkle), recorded in glossaries from the 13th–14th century and in herbals of the 16th century.^(DWB|19, 1309)^(FWB) Upper German also has a form ''Stritt'', from Early New High German, used mostly for legal disputes.^(DWB|19, 1310)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}