übrig German · revision 35591

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=13th century|origins=ine-pro *upér}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈyːbʁɪç/, /ˈyːbrik/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Germany, Western, regional: /ˈʏbʁɪç/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''übrig''' (strong nominative masculine singular übriger, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ The three-syllable form ''überig'' of the older language lived on in dialects and occasionally in the written language until the 18th century.^(DWB|23, 697)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|überec]], a derivative [[af|gmh|über|-ec]], first in the sense “going beyond the measure”, then “left over as a remainder”; it is recorded from the 13th century.^(Kluge 2011|939)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The same formation is [[gml|overich]] and [[dum|overich]], with modern [[nl|overig]].^(Kluge 2011|939)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The base [[über]] goes back to [[goh|ubar]]; its umlaut comes from the Old High German adverb [[m|goh|ubari]].^(Pfeifer 1993) It continues [[ine-pro|*upér|t=over, above]], as in [[grc|ὑπέρ|tr=hupér|t=over, beyond]] and [[la|super|t=above]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''überec'', ''überic'' is recorded from the 13th century.^(Kluge 2011|939)^(Lexer 1872|2, 1613) An early example in the sense “extra, excessive” is the Marienburg treasurer's book (1399–1409), paying a carpenter ''vor oberige arbeit'' “for extra work”.^(DWB|23, 697)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The older sense “superfluous, excessive” is now dated;^(Paul 2002) Luther writes of those who gave ''von ihrem Übrigen'' “of their abundance”.^(Paul 2002) It survives in ''ein Übriges tun'' “to do more than is required”, a phrase of 16th-century theological language, originally of doing more than God demands.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The sense “left as a remainder” became the main one, and in ''die übrigen'' it has weakened to “the other”.^(Paul 2002) ''Im übrigen'' “otherwise, besides” dates from the 17th century, and [[übrigens]] arose at the end of the 17th century, probably after ''erstens''; from “as for the rest” it became a particle meaning “by the way”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) [[erübrigen]] “to save, spare”, reflexively “to be unnecessary”, comes from the chancery language of the mid-16th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) The word was borrowed into the Polish dialect of Cieszyn as ''ibryczny'' “in reserve”.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Middle High German ''überec'' is first recorded.^(Kluge 2011|939)

+ * 1399–1409 – ''oberige arbeit'' “extra work” in the Marienburg treasurer's book.^(DWB|23, 697)

+ * 16th century – ''ein Übriges tun'' appears in theological language.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Mid-16th century – ''erübrigen'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1678 – Kramer records ''im übrigen'' “otherwise”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * End of the 17th century – ''übrigens'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(attributive)'' [[m|en|remaining]], the rest of; the other: ''die übrigen Besucher''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(predicative)'' Left over, [[m|en|spare]]: ''Vom Brot ist nichts mehr übrig.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rare)'' [[m|en|superfluous]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[übrigens]]

+ * [[übrigbleiben]]

+ * [[erübrigen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[über]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Fixed phrases include ''für jemanden etwas übrig haben'' “to have a soft spot for someone”, ''nichts zu wünschen übrig lassen'' “to leave nothing to be desired”, ''jemandem bleibt nichts anderes übrig'' “someone has no other choice” and ''im Übrigen'' “besides”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}