zugleich German · revision 35581

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=1525, Dürer and Strasbourg political correspondence}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /t͡suˈɡlaɪ̯ç/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''zugleich'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of [[zu]] and [[gleich]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) The Grimms' dictionary takes it as a short form of a phrase with a noun, such as [[gmh|ze glîcher wîs|t=in the same way]], modelled on phrases like [[m|gmh|ze mâze]] and [[m|gmh|ze rehte]].^(DWB|32, 430) Paul finds the relation of the parts unclear and suggests [[zuerst]] and [[zuletzt]] as models, which the Grimms reject because of the meaning.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|32, 430) The Grimms also ask whether Luther took it from his dialect, where it may have followed [[gml|to like|alt=to lîke]].^(DWB|32, 430) It replaced [[m|gmh|gelîche]] and [[m|gmh|algelîche]].^(DWB|32, 430) Compare [[nl|tegelijk|t=at the same time]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word came into use only in Luther's time: Dürer has it in 1525 in the sense “in the same way”, a Strasbourg letter of 1525 uses ''zuoglich'', and Luther's Bible has ''betet zugleich auch für uns'' (Colossians 4:3).^(DWB|32, 430)^(Paul 2002) The Grimms assume it is much older than these records.^(DWB|32, 430)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first meaning was “in the same manner, alike”, which is how the 16th-century dictionaries of Frisius and Maaler translate it (''pariter'', ''mutuo'').^(DWB|32, 430) The sense “at the same time”, felt today as the main one, is also recorded early, but the dictionaries give it much later, Hulsius in 1618 and Stieler in 1691.^(DWB|32, 430) Adelung explained it as an elliptical expression for ''zu gleicher Zeit'' and gave both the temporal sense and the sense “equally, also”.^(Adelung 1793) 17th-century poets sometimes wrote ''zugleiche'' for the metre.^(DWB|32, 430)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1525 – Dürer uses ''zgleych'' “in the same way”.^(DWB|32, 430)

+ * 1525 – ''zuoglich'' in the political correspondence of Strasbourg.^(DWB|32, 430)

+ * 16th century – Luther's Bible uses ''zugleich'' (Colossians 4:3, 1 Thessalonians 5:10).^(DWB|32, 430)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1618 – Hulsius's dictionary gives the sense “at the same time”.^(DWB|32, 430)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # At the same time, [[m|en|simultaneously]]: ''Beide riefen zugleich.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Equally, also, as well: ''Er ist Arzt und zugleich Musiker.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gleich]]

+ * [[sogleich]]

+ * [[zu]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}