volvo Latin · revision 3558

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *uel-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɔɫ.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɔl.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''volvō''' (present infinitive volvere, perfect active volvī, supine volūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*welu-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*uel-u-|t=to wind]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The long /ū/ of [[volumen|alt=volūmen]] and [[volubilis|alt=volūbilis]] is a productive lengthening in derivatives.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|fillid|t=bends]], [[grc|εἰλύω|tr=eilúō|t=to wind round]], [[got|𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=walwjan|t=to roll]] and [[cy|olwyn|t=wheel]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) Accius writes of a mass driving the waves before it.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to roll or cause something to turn, as Lucretius' river that rolls great stones and Sallust's townsmen rolling rocks down on the attackers.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was used of rolling waves, billowing smoke, and the eyes darting here and there, as Dido's in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) It meant to make the heavens or the seasons revolve, and to bring events round in due course.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Because books were scrolls, it meant to unroll and read a book, as Cicero's “Cato's books must be read”, to reel off words, and to turn something over in the mind, as in Catullus and Sallust.^(OLD 2012) Its derivative [[volumen|alt=volūmen]] “a roll of papyrus” gave English ''volume'' in the late 14th century, and ''revolvere'' gave ''revolve''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of waves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a river rolling stones.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of reading books.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''volume'' comes from its derivative ''volumen''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|roll]], turn, cause to revolve.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bring round (seasons, events).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To roll over, overthrow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To roll up, gather by rolling.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of liquids, smoke, flames)'' To roll, billow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To turn (the eyes) restlessly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To unroll (a book), read.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To reel off (words).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To turn over in the mind, [[m|en|ponder]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[volūmen]]

+ * [[volūbilis]]

+ * [[volūtō]]

+ * [[convolvō]]

+ * [[ēvolvō]]

+ * [[involvō]]

+ * [[revolvō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|volume]]

+ * [[en|revolve]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}