passieren German · revision 35572

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=16th century|origins=la pandō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /paˈsiːʁən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''passieren''' (third-person singular present passiert, past tense passierte, past participle passiert, auxiliary haben or sein)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|passer|t=to pass, go through]], borrowed in the early 16th century.^(Kluge 2011|687)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB) The French verb continues [[la-vul|*passō|t=to step, pass through]], from [[la|passus|t=step]], from [[m|la|pandō|t=to spread out]], a causative of [[m|la|pateō|t=to be open]].^(Kluge 2011|687)^(Pfeifer 1993) Pfeifer thinks the word probably came through [[dum|passēren|t=to cross, pass by]], since a Lower Rhine form meaning “to travel” is recorded in 1477.^(Pfeifer 1993) An isolated earlier record in Oswald von Wolkenstein, meaning “to be over”, rests on [[it|passare]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Lexer 1872) The sense “to happen” follows the reflexive [[m|fr|se passer]].^(Kluge 2011|687)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)

+

+ The same French verb had already given [[passen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB) The English cognate is [[m|en|pass]].^(Kluge 2011|687)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the 16th century ''passieren'' meant “to go by, pass through, cross”, especially in military language, at passport and customs posts, and of river crossings.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993) The Zimmern Chronicle uses it of the Wild Hunt that “passed” at Veringen.^(DWB|13, 1487) Rollenhagen's ''Froschmeuseler'' (1595) has ''Ein reiner mund und reine Hand Passieret frei durch alle land'' (“a clean mouth and a clean hand pass freely through every land”).^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th century the verb also meant “to be tolerable, pass muster”, a sense now out of use;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Adelung 1793) Adelung, around 1800, still records ''das kann passieren'' “that is acceptable” and ''das lasse ich passieren'' “I accept that”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Adelung 1793) The sense “to happen, take place” arose in the 17th century after French ''se passer'', and since the 19th century it is used especially of mishaps and accidents.^(DFWB)^(Duden 7 2020|613) In the second half of the 19th century cooks began to use it for pressing food through a sieve.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|613)

+

+ Hungarian borrowed the verb as ''passzíroz'' “to happen” (1787), Czech as ''pasírovat'' “to strain”, and Slovene as ''pasirati''.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1477 – A Lower Rhine form ''passeren'' “to travel” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Early 16th century – ''passieren'' is borrowed from French in the sense “to pass, go through”.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1558 – An early quotation in Thym.^(DFWB)

+ * 1595 – Rollenhagen's ''Froschmeuseler'' uses the verb.^(DFWB)

+ * 17th century – The sense “to happen” appears.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1787 – Hungarian ''passzíroz'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+ * Second half of the 19th century – The cooking sense “to strain through a sieve” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(auxiliary haben)'' To [[m|en|cross]] a border or barrier, to get through a check: ''Der Lastwagen passierte die Grenze bei Basel.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(auxiliary haben)'' To go through, over or past something: ''Wir passierten einen langen Tunnel.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(auxiliary sein)'' To [[m|en|happen]], occur: ''An der Kreuzung ist ein Unfall passiert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(auxiliary sein)'' To happen to someone, befall them: ''Ihm ist zum Glück nichts passiert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # ''(cooking, auxiliary haben)'' To [[m|en|strain]], press through a sieve: ''Die gekochten Tomaten werden passiert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[passierbar]]

+ * [[Passierschein]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Pass]]

+ * [[Passage]]

+ * [[Passant]]

+ * [[passen]]

+ * [[Passagier]]

+ * [[passabel]]

+ * [[passé]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}