Tag German · revision 35565

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=gem-pro *dagaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /taːk/, /tax/, /taːx/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, Germany: [tʰaːkʰ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, Switzerland: /taːɡ̊/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria: [d̥ɑːɡ̊]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Tag''' ''m'' (genitive Tages or Tags, plural Tage, diminutive Tägchen n or Täglein n)^(Wiktionary)

+ An umlauted plural ''Täge'' has been found since the 14th century and survives in dialects.^(DWB|21, 27)

+ A weak genitive plural ''tagen'' occurs occasionally until the 18th century, as in Luther's ''nach der zal der vierzig tagen''.^(DWB|21, 27)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|tac]], [[inh|goh|tag]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*dag]], [[inh|gem-pro|*dagaz|t=day]].^(Kluge 2011|904)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃|tr=dags]], [[non|dagr]], [[ang|dæg]], [[ofs|dei]] and [[osx|dag]], and today [[nl|dag]], [[en|day]], [[sv|dag]] and [[is|dagur]].^(Kluge 2011|904)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Orel 2003) A related form with a long vowel appears in [[m|ang|dōgor|t=day]], [[m|non|dœgr|t=half-day of twelve hours]] and [[m|got|𐍆𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍉𐌲𐍃|tr=fidurdōgs|t=lasting four days]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ Its origin is disputed.^(Kluge 2011|904)^(Pfeifer 1993) Most dictionaries connect it with [[ine-pro|*dʰegʷʰ-|t=to burn]], found in [[sa|दहति|tr=dáhati|t=burns]], [[la|foveō|t=to warm]], [[m|la|favīlla|t=ash]], [[lt|degti|alt=dègti|t=to burn]] and probably [[cu|жешти|tr=žešti]], so that the day would be “the time when the sun burns”.^(Kluge 2011|904)^(Orel 2003)^(Duden 7 2020|846)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)^(DWB|21, 27) Kluge points out that the sound changes are not fully explained,^(Kluge 2011|904) and Wiktionary notes that the loss of the labial element would be irregular.^(Wiktionary) If the comparison holds, the Germanic word first meant the hot, bright part of the day, as [[m|lt|dagas|alt=dãgas|t=summer heat]] suggests, or else the dawn.^(Kluge 2011|904)

+

+ Pfeifer prefers to connect it with [[sa|अहर्|tr=áhar|t=day]], whose r-, n- and s-stems he also finds in the related forms with a long vowel, such as [[m|non|dœgn]], and to explain the initial dental by the influence of a Germanic word for the warm time of day.^(Pfeifer 1993) Kroonen sets up a root [[ine-pro|*dʰeǵʰ-|t=day]] behind both the Germanic and the Sanskrit words, with an irregular loss of the first consonant in Sanskrit.^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) Hamp, quoted by Kluge, also derives the Germanic word from the root of the Sanskrit word, with the dental taken over from a preceding pronoun.^(Kluge 2011|904)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''tag'' is recorded from the 8th century, first in glosses of about 765.^(Kluge 2011|904)^(Köbler AHD) It meant “day, time”, and Schützeichel lists phrases such as ''tages'' “by day” and ''then tag leiten'' “to spend the day”.^(Schützeichel 2012|328) In early times the word named only the span from sunrise to sunset, and the day of 24 hours came later.^(Kluge 2011|904)^(Duden 7 2020|846) ''Tages inti nahtes'' “by day and by night” is also recorded in the 8th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From Middle High German onward ''Tag'' was a legal term for an appointed day, a court session or an assembly, often the day of the [[Thing]].^(Kluge 2011|904)^(Pfeifer 1993) This sense lives on in compounds such as [[Landtag]] and [[Reichstag]] and in the verb [[tagen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|846) The meaning “to hold a session” arose in the 14th century in the legal language of the western Upper German area, survived in Switzerland, and entered the literary language when Schiller used it in ''Wilhelm Tell'' (1804).^(Pfeifer 1993) [[vertagen]] was revived at the end of the 19th century in parliamentary language to replace French ''ajourner''.^(Duden 7 2020|846)

+

+ As “daylight” the word also came to mean the surface of the earth in miners' language, as opposed to the depth of the pit: ''über Tage'', ''unter Tage'', recorded by Adelung in 1780.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The greeting ''guten Tag'' goes back to Middle High German, and its short colloquial form is ''Tag!''.^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary) Proverbs include ''Man soll den Tag nicht vor dem Abend loben'', already Middle High German, and ''Es ist noch nicht aller Tage Abend'', found in Fischart.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ Compounds with ''Tage-'' keep the old stem vowel: [[Tagebuch]] (17th century) replaced Latin ''diurnum'' and ''Journal'', first among merchants, [[Tagedieb]] “idler” is from the end of the 17th century, and [[Tageblatt]] was coined in the 19th century for ''Journal''.^(Duden 7 2020|846)^(Pfeifer 1993) The compounds ''Bundestag'', ''Landtag'' and ''Parteitag'' have been borrowed into Modern Hebrew.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 765 – Old High German ''tag'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)^(Kluge 2011|904)

+ * 8th century – ''tages inti nahtes'' “by day and by night” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1060–1065 – Middle High German ''tac'' appears in Williram's commentary on the Song of Songs.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 14th century – ''tagen'' “to hold a session” arises in western Upper German legal language.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|846)

+ * 14th century – The umlauted plural ''Täge'' appears.^(DWB|21, 27)

+ * 17th century – [[Tagebuch]] is formed.^(Duden 7 2020|846)

+ * 1780 – Adelung records the miners' ''über Tage'' and ''unter Tage''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1804 – Schiller's ''Wilhelm Tell'' brings ''tagen'' “to hold a session” into the literary language.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|day]], [[m|en|daylight]]: the time between sunrise and sunset: ''es wird Tag''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A day of 24 hours, from midnight to midnight; also the rotation period of a planet.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Light, open view, in phrases such as ''an den Tag kommen'' “come to light” and ''an den Tag legen'' “display”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The part of a day spent at work or school.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(mining)'' The surface of the earth: ''über Tage'', ''unter Tage''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(dated)'' An [[m|en|assembly]], a [[m|en|congress]]; now chiefly in compounds such as ''Bundestag'' and ''Parteitag''.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(colloquial, plural)'' [[m|en|menstruation]].^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Hello, good day, short for ''guten Tag''.^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tagen]]

+ * [[täglich]]

+ * [[tags]]

+ * [[tagsüber]]

+ * [[betagt]]

+ * [[vertagen]]

+ * [[Tagung]]

+ * [[Tagebuch]]

+ * [[Tagebau]]

+ * [[Tageblatt]]

+ * [[Tagedieb]]

+ * [[Tagelöhner]]

+ * [[Tageszeitung]]

+ * [[Tagtraum]]

+ * [[Mittag]]

+ * [[Landtag]]

+ * [[Reichstag]]

+ * [[Teiding]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|day]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The English word [[m|en|tag]] has been borrowed separately as ''Tag'' /tɛk/, neuter, plural ''Tags'': a markup element in computing and a graffiti artist's signature.^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) ''Tag und Nacht'' means “all the time”, and ''ein Unterschied wie Tag und Nacht'' is a glaring difference.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}