jetzt German · revision 35564

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 1000, Notker}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /jɛtst/, /jɛts/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''jetzt'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Older forms are ''itzt'', ''itzo'', ''jetzo'', ''jetzund'' and ''jetzunder''.^(Kluge 2011|456)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''itzo'' and ''itzt'' prevailed with most writers until after the middle of the 18th century.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|iezuo|t=just now, presently]], [[inh|goh|iozuo|t=at once; further]], formed [[af|goh|io|zuo|t1=ever, always|t2=to]], that is [[je]] and [[zu]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|456)^(Duden 7 2020|403) Kluge notes the striking narrowing of the meaning to the present moment,^(Kluge 2011|456) and Wahrig gives the original sense as “all the time, constantly”, which the Grimms' dictionary compares with the later [[immerzu]].^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)^(DWB|10, 2317)

+

+ As the parts grew together, several variants arose.^(Kluge 2011|456) The full form lived on as [[m|de|itzo]], and the Upper German [[m|gmh|iezō]] gave [[m|de|jetzo]].^(Pfeifer 1993) A weakened [[m|gmh|ieze]], with the shorter preposition [[m|gmh|ze]], gave Early New High German [[m|de|itz]], to which a /t/ was later added, as in [[m|de|itzt]] and the modern form.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Kluge 2011|456) The /j/ developed as in the simple adverb.^(Pfeifer 1993) [[m|gmh|iezunt]], continued as [[m|de|jetzund]], took over another adverbial ending.^(Kluge 2011|456)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''iozuo'' appears around 1000 in Notker, meaning “at once, further”.^(Köbler AHD) Middle High German ''iezuo'' is recorded from the 12th century, in the senses “just now, presently, right away”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|10, 2317)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The form ''iez'' was very common in the 15th and 16th centuries, above all in Alemannic and Bavarian sources, and the diphthong survives in the dialects as ''ietz''.^(DWB|10, 2317) Stieler's dictionary of 1691 has ''jetzt'' beside ''jetz'', ''jetzo'' and ''jetzund''.^(Paul 2002) ''itzo'' and ''itzt'' remained the usual literary forms until the middle of the 18th century: Klopstock at first used them alone and removed them from later editions, but Grillparzer and Rückert still wrote ''itzt'' in the 19th century.^(Paul 2002) ''jetzund'' and ''jetzunder'' were used as deliberate archaisms by Goethe and Heine.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Besides the present, ''jetzt'' can point to a moment in a narrated past.^(Paul 2002) From the present in time came an emphatic use in questions, already in Luther's Bible, ''Was hab ich jtzt gethan'' “what have I done now”, and frequent today in Alemannic.^(Paul 2002) The adjective [[jetzig]] continues Middle High German ''iezec'', and [[Jetztzeit]] “the present age” replaced ''jetzige Zeit'' (17th century) at the beginning of the 19th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|403)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – Old High German ''iozuo'' appears in Notker.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 12th century – Middle High German ''iezuo'' is recorded.^(Kluge 2011|456)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th–16th centuries – ''iez'' is the usual form in Alemannic and Bavarian sources.^(DWB|10, 2317)

+ * 1691 – Stieler records ''jetzt''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Mid-18th century – ''jetzt'' displaces the literary ''itzo'' and ''itzt''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Early 19th century – [[Jetztzeit]] is formed.^(Duden 7 2020|403)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|now]], at this moment: ''ich muss jetzt los''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Nowadays, as distinct from an earlier time: ''jetzt fährt man mit dem Zug dorthin''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # By now, [[m|en|meanwhile]]: ''die Kinder sind jetzt erwachsen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Now, then, referring back to what has been said or done: ''bist du jetzt zufrieden?''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Particle===

+ # ''(colloquial, stressed)'' In questions, expressing slight annoyance or surprise: ''wer ruft denn jetzt noch an?''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' In questions put to oneself: ''wo ist jetzt mein Schlüssel?''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[jetzig]]

+ * [[Jetztzeit]]

+ * [[Jetzt]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[je]]

+ * [[zu]]

+ * [[immerzu]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Jetzt oder nie!'' is said when the moment to act has come, and colloquial ''von jetzt auf nachher'' means “from one moment to the next”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) The noun ''das Jetzt'' (elevated) is the present as lived, often contrasted with the past.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}