Parlament German · revision 35559

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing, semantic loan|attested=second half of the 13th century|origins=grc παραβολή}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /paʁlaˈmɛnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Parlament''' ''n'' (genitive Parlamentes or Parlaments, plural Parlamente)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|parlament]], [[bor|fro|parlement|t=speech, discussion]], borrowed in the second half of the 13th century, probably under the influence of [[la-med|parlamentum|t=solemn discussion]], from which it also took its neuter gender.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Kluge 2011|684) The French noun is formed on [[m|fro|parler|t=to speak]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|610) Kluge traces that verb, through Late Latin [[m|la-lat|paraulō|alt=paraulāre]], to [[la-lat|parabolō|t=to speak]], formed on [[m|la-lat|parabola|t=word]], which comes from [[grc|παραβολή|tr=parabolḗ|t=comparison, parable]], used in the Greek Bible for “saying, word”.^(Kluge 2011|684)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ The modern sense “representative assembly” was taken over from [[en|parliament]], the Anglo-Norman name of the English assembly, from the early 14th century;^(Kluge 2011|684)^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge therefore calls the political word a loan from English in a Latinised form.^(Kluge 2011|684)^(Pfeifer 1993) Paul and Duden date this sense in German to the end of the 17th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|610) In France the corresponding institution was the Estates General, while the courts of that name were the highest courts of justice.^(Kluge 2011|684)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''parlament'' meant “discussion, disputation, assembly”.^(Lexer 1872|2, 207)^(Pfeifer 1993) The first quotation is from Hugo von Trimberg's ''Renner'' (about 1300): ''und lere sie denne ein argument oder ein ander parlament'', “and then teach them an argument or another disputation”.^(DFWB)^(Lexer 1872|2, 207) Kluge notes that in the general sense “speech” the word remained rare.^(Kluge 2011|684)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From late Middle High German, and more from the 16th century, ''Parlament'' named the council of a town, the estates of a country, a court or a legislative body, and, for France, the highest court of a province.^(DFWB)^(DWB|13, 1463) Luther and Sebastian Franck use it so, and a chronicle of 1538 says that in 1344 the whole empire came to Frankfurt ''inns perlament''.^(DWB|13, 1463) The form ''perlament'' is recorded in the late 15th and 16th centuries, first in Low German.^(DFWB) Older German also used it for any noisy gathering and even for idle talk.^(DWB|13, 1463)

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+ The word owes its modern meaning to the English parliament.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(WGd) Pfeifer says it became current for German institutions only with the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848, and Wortgeschichte digital links this widening to the revolution of that year and the elections to the first German national assembly.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(WGd) [[parlamentarisch]] is recorded from the end of the 18th century, after English ''parliamentary''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(WGd) ''Parlamentarismus'' (mid-19th century) goes back to French ''parlementarisme'', a mocking word of Napoleon III (1851), which soon lost its edge in German.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) Hungarian took ''parlament'' in 1612, at first for the high court in Paris.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd half of the 13th century – Middle High German ''parlament'' is borrowed from Old French.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)

+ * c. 1300 – Hugo von Trimberg uses ''parlament'' “disputation” in the ''Renner''.^(DFWB)

+ * Late 15th century – The form ''perlament'' appears, first in Low German.^(DFWB)

+ * 1575 – Fischart's ''Geschichtklitterung'' is the first record that Wortgeschichte digital gives.^(WGd)

+ * 1612 – Hungarian ''parlament'' is first recorded.^(LWP)

+ * End of the 17th century – The word takes on the sense “representative assembly” from English.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|610)

+ * End of the 18th century – [[parlamentarisch]] appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(WGd)

+ * 1848 – The Frankfurt Parliament makes the word current for German institutions.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(WGd)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|parliament]]: an elected representative assembly with deliberative and [[m|en|legislative]] functions.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The building in which a parliament meets.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Parlamentarier]]

+ * [[parlamentarisch]]

+ * [[Parlamentarismus]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[parlieren]]

+ * [[Parlamentär]]

+ * [[Parabel]]

+ * [[en|parliament]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}