damit German · revision 35555

20 Oct 2026, 19:21 by bogdan “German de10k batch de75l/b07” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=863–871, Otfrid}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * /daˈmɪt/, /ˈdaːmɪt/^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''damit''' (adverb and conjunction, invariable)^(Wiktionary)
+ From the 12th century Middle High German has ''dâmit'';^(DWB2|6, 138) ''darmit'' was frequent from the late 15th to the 17th century, and since the middle of the 18th century ''damit'' alone has been used.^(DWB2|6, 138) Luther wrote it as ''da mit''.^(DWB|2, 704) As an adverb it is stressed ''damít'', with emphasis ''dámit''; the conjunction is always ''damít''.^(Paul 2002)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|gmh|dāmit]], [[inh|goh|dārmit|t=with it; besides; therefore]], formed [[af|de|da|mit]], from the local adverb and the preposition.^(DWB2|6, 138)^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary) The same compound is [[osx|thar mid]], [[ofs|thermithi]] and [[ang|þǣr-mid]], and today [[nl|daarmede]], [[sv|därmed]] and [[en|theremid]].^(DWB2|6, 138)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ The conjunction “so that” arose in the 14th century.^(Paul 2002) Paul explains it as a reinterpretation of the relative adverb “with which”, helped by the combination with final [[dass]], modelled on Latin [[m|la|ut]]: until the 16th century it was often followed by that conjunction as well.^(Paul 2002)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Old High German ''dārmit'' is first found in Otfrid (863–871), and then in Notker and Williram, meaning “with it, besides, at the same time; therefore”, and also relatively “with which”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|69) Notker (before 1022) says of the accident in logic that it is what is ''tarmite'' (“with it”) the substance.^(DWB2|6, 138)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ From Old High German to the 18th century the adverb also meant “along with it, in addition”: in 1522 a man who buys a horse ''kaufft … den zaum damit'' (“buys the bridle with it”).^(DWB2|6, 138)^(Paul 2002) As a pronominal adverb it refers to something already mentioned; since Middle High German it can also point ahead to a clause with [[dass]].^(Paul 2002) As a linking adverb it took senses of time (“at that moment, thereupon”), manner (“in this way”) and result (“consequently”).^(Paul 2002)
+ 
+ The relative use “with which” lasted into the 20th century;^(Paul 2002) Wilhelm Grimm defended it against Adelung.^(Paul 2002) The final conjunction is recorded from the 14th century; until the 18th it was mostly followed by the subjunctive, perhaps under Latin influence, though the indicative also appears from the 14th century.^(Paul 2002) Since the 18th century speakers in northern Germany have split it colloquially into ''da … mit''.^(DWB2|6, 138)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses Old High German ''dārmit''.^(Köbler AHD)
+ * Before 1022 – Notker uses ''tarmite'' “with it”.^(DWB2|6, 138)
+ * 12th century – Middle High German ''dâmit'' becomes the usual form.^(DWB2|6, 138)
+ * 14th century – First record as a final conjunction “so that”.^(Paul 2002)
+ * Late 15th–17th century – ''darmit'' is frequent beside ''damit''.^(DWB2|6, 138)
+ * Mid-18th century – ''damit'' is the only form.^(DWB2|6, 138)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # With it, with that; by means of it: ''Was willst du denn damit?''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Having it with one: ''Sie nahm den Brief und ging damit zum Briefkasten.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)
+ # At the same time as this, or just after it: ''Er dankte allen und schloss damit die Sitzung.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)
+ # [[m|en|therefore]], [[m|en|consequently]], thus: ''Sie hat gewonnen und ist damit im Finale.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(northern Germany)'' Split into two parts in certain uses: ''Da hatte keiner mit gerechnet.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)
+ 
+ ===Conjunction===
+ # [[m|en|so that]], in order that: ''Sprich lauter, damit alle dich verstehen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[da]]
+ * [[mit]]
+ * [[womit]]
+ * [[dass]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ In colloquial commands the adverb follows another adverb: ''her damit!'' “give it here!”, ''weg damit!'' “away with it!”, ''heraus damit!'' “out with it!”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}