jugendlich German · revision 35546

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=early 9th century, Old High German glosses|origins=gem-pro *jugunþiz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈjuːɡəntlɪç/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''jugendlich''' (strong nominative masculine singular jugendlicher, comparative jugendlicher, superlative am jugendlichsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|jugentlich]], [[inh|goh|jugundlīh]], an adjective formed with the suffix [[-lich]] on [[Jugend]] “youth”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Köbler AHD) The noun is [[m|goh|jugund]], from [[gmw-pro|*jugunþi]], an abstract noun in *-ti- to the Indo-European adjective for “young” seen in [[la|iuvenis]] and [[lt|jaunas]], the source of [[jung]].^(Kluge 2011|458)^(Pfeifer 1993) The West Germanic /g/ arose from an earlier /w/, as also in [[ang|geoguþ]] and [[en|youth]], while Gothic and Old Norse avoided the sound environment that caused the change.^(Kluge 2011|458) Pfeifer thinks the /g/ may have come from the influence of [[Tugend]].^(Kluge 2011|458)^(Pfeifer 1993) Latin [[m|la|iuventūs|t=youth]] is a parallel abstract noun.^(Kluge 2011|458)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''jugundlīh'' is recorded in glosses from the beginning of the 9th century and in Otfrid, meaning “youthful” and also “lovely”, glossing Latin ''iucundus''.^(Köbler AHD)^(DWB|10, 2365)^(Adelung 1793) Middle High German ''jugentlich'' is found in Gottfried's ''Tristan'' (about 1210).^(Köbler MHD)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old and Middle High German the word was rare beside the usual ''junglich'', and the Grimms note that it became really widespread only in the 18th century.^(DWB|10, 2365) Adelung gives two senses: what belongs to or happens in youth (''jugendliche Gedichte'', ''der jugendliche Leichtsinn''), and “young” in the elevated style, also of plants (''das jugendliche Grün des Waldes'').^(Adelung 1793) Schiller, Jean Paul and Wieland use it of old people who still give an impression of youth.^(DWB|10, 2365)

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+ The noun [[Jugendlicher]], usually in the plural ''Jugendliche'' “young people, adolescents”, dates from the 20th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) In advertising language ''jugendlich'' is used of clothes and hairstyles that make one look young.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 9th century – Old High German ''jugundlīh'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 9th century – Otfrid uses ''jugundlīh''.^(Köbler AHD)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1210 – Middle High German ''jugentlich'' in Gottfried's ''Tristan''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 18th century – The word becomes widespread.^(DWB|10, 2365)

+ * 20th century – ''Jugendliche'' “adolescents” is used as a noun.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|adolescent]], juvenile: of the age between childhood and adulthood: ''jugendliche Besucher''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # [[m|en|youthful]]: having or showing the freshness and energy of youth: ''jugendlicher Eifer''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Looking or seeming young: ''eine jugendliche Erscheinung'', ''sich jugendlich kleiden''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Jugendlicher]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Jugend]]

+ * [[jung]]

+ * [[en|youth]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}