Start German · revision 35515

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1872|origins=en start}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʃtaʁt/, /ʃtaːt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Start''' ''m'' (genitive Startes or Starts, plural Starts or Starte)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|start]], borrowed in the second half of the 19th century in the language of horse racing.^(Kluge 2011|877)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB) The English noun is a nominalization of the verb “to start”, [[enm|sterten]], [[ang|sturtian|t=to leap up]], which is distantly related to [[stürzen]] by ablaut.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)^(Paul 2002)^(Kluge 2011|877) The verb [[starten]] was borrowed at about the same time.^(Duden 7 2020|814)^(Pfeifer 1993) [[nl|start]] and [[sv|start]] were borrowed in the same way.^(Kluge 2011|877)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Sanders' dictionary lists the word in 1871.^(Paul 2002) The first quotation, from 1872, describes someone stepping up to the start of a steeplechase with a pounding heart.^(DFWB) It first meant the post or place from which racehorses set off, then the beginning of the race itself.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From horse racing it spread to other sports, such as running, swimming, motor and ski races, with phrases like ''fliegender Start'' (recorded 1910) and ''an den Start gehen''; it also came to mean taking part in a contest.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) In the 20th century it came to mean departure in general, especially the take-off of an aircraft or a rocket, as in [[Senkrechtstart]], and figuratively the start of an undertaking, as in Sternheim's ''Start in ein neues Sein'' (1926).^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(DFWB) The colloquial [[Senkrechtstarter]] is someone who makes a rapid career.^(Paul 2002) Hungarian [[m|hu|start]] is recorded from 1875.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1871 – Sanders' dictionary lists ''Start''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1872 – First quotation, from horse racing.^(DFWB)

+ * 1875 – Hungarian ''start'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 1910 – ''Fliegender Start'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1926 – Sternheim uses the word figuratively for a new beginning.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 20th century – It comes to mean the take-off of an aircraft and the beginning of an undertaking.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|beginning]] of a race or contest.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The starting line or place of a race.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Taking part in a contest.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DFWB)

+ # The [[m|en|takeoff]] of an aircraft, rocket or balloon; also the place of take-off.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(computing)'' Starting up a machine, a system or a program.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The beginning of an undertaking or a development; setting out towards a goal: ''ein guter Start ins Studium''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[starten]]

+ * [[Starter]]

+ * [[Fehlstart]]

+ * [[Senkrechtstarter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stürzen]]

+ * [[en|start]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In motor and cycle racing, a ''fliegender Start'' is one in which the competitors cross the line already moving, and a ''stehender Start'' one from a standstill.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DFWB) ''Am Start sein'' is to be taking part.^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}