Sicherheit German · revision 35512

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=863–871, Otfrid|origins=la cūra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈzɪçɐhaɪ̯t/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Sicherheit''' ''f'' (genitive Sicherheit, plural Sicherheiten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|sicherheit]], [[inh|goh|sihhurheit]], formed [[af|de|sicher|-heit]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Wiktionary) The adjective, [[m|goh|sihhur]] in the 9th century, was borrowed from [[la-vul|*sicūrus]], [[la|sēcūrus|t=without care, untroubled]], which is formed from [[m|la|sē-|t=without]] and [[m|la|cūra|t=care]].^(Kluge 2011|847)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|7, 1204) It was at first a legal word, “free of guilt and punishment, not liable”.^(Kluge 2011|847)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ The same loan is [[osx|sikor]], [[ofs|sikur]] and [[ang|sicor]], continued in [[nl|zeker]];^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|7, 1204)^(Kluge 2011|847) Pfeifer asks whether it reached English before the Anglo-Saxons left the continent.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|7, 1204)^(Kluge 2011|847)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''sihhurheit'' is recorded in Otfrid's Gospel book (863–871), in glosses and in Notker, meaning “safety, rescue, freedom from care, self-assurance”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Like the adjective, the noun was at first a legal word: in Middle High German a ''sicherheit'' was a pledge, a surety or a solemn promise, especially the parole a defeated knight gave his victor, as in Wolfram's ''Parzival'' and Hartmann's ''Iwein''.^(DWB|16, 724)^(Pfeifer 1993) Middle High German also had “freedom from care, protection, certainty”.^(Pfeifer 1993) The old legal sense lives on in “collateral, security for a loan”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ From the 17th century the adjective [[sicher]] increasingly meant “practised, skilled”, and the noun today also means sureness and poise.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) In politics ''die innere Sicherheit'' is the protection of the state and its citizens against terrorism, revolt and violent crime, and ''die äußere Sicherheit'' their protection against external enemies.^(Duden GWDS 1999) The verb [[versichern]] took the sense “to insure” in the 17th century, first in shipping and sea trade.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses Old High German ''sihhurheit''.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 17th century – ''sicher'' increasingly means “practised, skilled”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – ''versichern'' comes to mean “to insure”, first in sea trade.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|safety]], [[m|en|security]]: the state of being protected from danger or harm.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|certainty]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Reliability, freedom from error: ''die Sicherheit der Messung''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Sureness, assurance, poise.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(finance)'' [[m|en|collateral]], a surety for a loan.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sicherheitshalber]]

+ * [[Sicherheitsnadel]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sicher]]

+ * [[sichern]]

+ * [[Sicherung]]

+ * [[versichern]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Sich in Sicherheit wiegen'' is to believe wrongly that there is no danger, and ''etwas in Sicherheit bringen'' is to move it out of danger.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}