Gericht German · revision 35509

+ German has two neuter nouns ''Gericht'': the court of law, from the family of [[recht]], and the dish of food, from [[richten]] “to prepare”.^(Kluge 2011|350)^(Duden 7 2020) Kluge numbers the court first, while Duden's etymological dictionary numbers them the other way round.^(Kluge 2011|350)^(Duden 7 2020)

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+ {{homograph|1|court}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1000, Notker|origins=gem-pro *rehtaz}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɡəˈʁɪçt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Gericht''' ''n'' (genitive Gerichtes or Gerichts, plural Gerichte)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The court is [[inh|gmh|geriht]], [[inh|goh|girihti|t=judgement, rule, statute]], [[inh|gem-pro|*garihtiją|t=justness, justice]].^(Kluge 2011|350)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) Kluge explains it as an abstract noun of [[gerecht]] in its concrete sense “straight, correct”, so first roughly “a setting right”, already used for “court, judgement” in Old High German.^(Kluge 2011|350) The EWA describes it as formed from the adjective [[goh|reht]] with the collective prefix [[m|goh|gi-]].^(EWA|4, 374) Pfeifer and Duden add that the noun was early attached to the verb [[richten]], which already meant “to judge” in Old High German.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

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+ The same word is [[gml|gerichte]] and [[dum|gherechte]], continued in [[nl|gericht]].^(Kluge 2011|350)^(Pfeifer 1993) Related formations are [[ang|gerihte|t=right, duty, straight direction]] and, with another suffix, [[got|𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹|tr=garaihtei|t=righteousness]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''girihti'' appears in Notker about 1000 and in glosses, meaning “judgement, just verdict, rule, guideline, statute, decree”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|4, 374)^(Köbler AHD)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle High German ''geriht'' covered the court, the exercise of the judge's office, the verdict and its execution, the jurisdiction and the court district, and also “government”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler MHD) Paul traces the uses of the modern word: the act of judging (Luther's ''darin man gericht hielt'' “where judgement was held”, 1 Kings 7:7), the Last Judgement, ''das Jüngste Gericht'', the court as an authority, the body of judges and, as Adelung records in 1775, the court building.^(Paul 2002)

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+ Derivatives followed: [[gerichtlich]] in the 15th century, [[Gerichtsbarkeit]] in the 16th, [[Gerichtshof]] in the first half of the 18th century as a German word for French ''cour'', and [[Gerichtsvollzieher]] in the German Code of Civil Procedure of 1877.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) Czech borrowed the word as ''grichta'' “judicial power”.^(LWP)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 10th century – Old High German ''girihti'' in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 1000 – ''girihti'' “judgement” in Notker.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1077–1081 – Middle High German ''gerihte'' in the Annolied.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 15th century – First record of ''gerichtlich''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+ * 1531 – First record of ''Gerichtsbarkeit''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * First half of the 18th century – ''Gerichtshof'' renders French ''cour (de justice)''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1775 – Adelung records ''Gericht'' for the court building.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1877 – ''Gerichtsvollzieher'' is introduced by the Code of Civil Procedure.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|court]] of law, the public institution that administers [[m|en|justice]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The bench of judges hearing a case.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The court building.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The act of judging, [[m|en|judgement]]: ''das Jüngste Gericht'' “the Last Judgement”;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''mit jemandem ins Gericht gehen'' “to take someone sharply to task”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A trial, court hearing.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gerichtlich]]

+ * [[Gerichtsbarkeit]]

+ * [[Gerichtshof]]

+ * [[Gerichtsvollzieher]]

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+ {{homograph|2|dish}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=12th–13th century, Old High German gloss|origins=gem-pro *rehtaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɡəˈʁɪçt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Gericht''' ''n'' (genitive Gerichtes or Gerichts, plural Gerichte)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The dish is [[inh|gmh|geriht]], [[inh|goh|girihti|t=prepared dish]], a verbal noun of [[richten]] in its sense “to prepare, dish up”.^(Kluge 2011|350)^(EWA|4, 374)^(Duden 7 2020)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[gml|gerichte]] and [[dum|gherechte]], continued in [[nl|gerecht]].^(Kluge 2011|350) The verb is a factitive of [[recht]], from [[gem-pro|*rehtaz|t=right, straight]].^(Kluge 2011|766)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''girihti'' “prepared dish” is recorded only once, in a gloss of the 12th or 13th century translating Latin ''ferculum''.^(EWA|4, 374) Middle High German ''geriht'' also meant “household goods, furnishings”.^(EWA|4, 374)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Paul dates the sense “prepared meal” to Middle High German, following [[anrichten]] “to dish up”.^(Paul 2002) The word named a single dish of a meal: a vocabulary of 1482 glosses it with Latin ''ferculum'', and Luther's Bible has Esau ask ''las mich kosten das rote gericht'' “let me taste the red dish” (Genesis 25:29).^(DWB|5, 3635) In Early New High German it could also mean a device or frame, and a payment in kind.^(FWB) Slovene borrowed it as ''rihta'' “dish”.^(LWP)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 12th–13th century – Old High German ''girihti'' glosses Latin ''ferculum''.^(EWA|4, 374)

+ * 13th century – Middle High German ''geriht(e)'' “dish”.^(Kluge 2011|350)

+ * 1482 – A German–Latin vocabulary glosses ''gerichte'' with ''ferculum''.^(DWB|5, 3635)

+ * 1544 – A Leipzig town ordinance limits an innkeeper's meal to five dishes with the cheese.^(DWB|5, 3635)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|dish]], a prepared [[m|en|food]] served as part of a meal: ''Zum Abschluss gab es ein Gericht aus Linsen.''^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Richter]]

+ * [[gerecht]]

+ * [[anrichten]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}