nötig German · revision 35502

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 9th century, Old High German confession|origins=gem-pro *naudiz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈnøːtɪç/, /ˈnøːtɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nötig''' (strong nominative masculine singular nötiger, comparative nötiger, superlative am nötigsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|nœtic]], [[inh|goh|nōtag|t=forced, urgent, needy]], an adjective formed from the noun [[Not]] “need, compulsion” with the suffix [[-ig]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|659)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The same formation is [[nds|nödig]] and [[sv|nödig]], and [[en|needy]] is parallel.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The noun ([[goh|nōt]]) continues [[gem-pro|*naudiz|t=need, compulsion]], also seen in [[got|𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃|tr=nauþs]], [[non|nauð]] and [[ang|nīed]].^(Kluge 2011|659)^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge takes it as an abstract noun with a dental suffix and compares [[prg|nautin|t=need]] and Baltic and Slavic words for torment and force;^(Kluge 2011|659)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020) Duden 7 considers all connections beyond the Balto-Slavic group uncertain.^(Kluge 2011|659)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''nōtag'' is first recorded at the beginning of the 9th century in an Old Bavarian confession, and later in Otfrid and Notker.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|240) It meant “forced, compelled” and “in need”, and the adverb meant “with compelling reason”.^(Schützeichel 2012|240)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle High German ''nœtic'' still described above all a person in need: “oppressed, poor, needy”, as in Hartmann and Wolfram, besides “urgent, necessary”.^(Lexer 1872|2, 107)^(Köbler MHD) Early New High German used it for the poor and destitute, and also for what is urgently required.^(FWB) The sense of poverty has since faded, and the modern word means “necessary”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) From the adjective comes the verb [[nötigen]], first “to force” and now also “to urge someone”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 9th century – Old High German ''nōtag'' in an Old Bavarian confession.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 1000 – Notker uses ''nōtag''; the verb ''nōtigōn'' “to compel” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Schützeichel 2012|240)

+ * c. 1185 – Middle High German ''nœtic'' “needy” in Hartmann's ''Erec''.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|necessary]], needed for a purpose: ''die nötigen Unterlagen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''etwas nötig haben'': to need something;^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''(colloquial)'' ''es nötig haben'', to be in urgent need of something.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(colloquial)'' [[m|en|urgently]]: ''Er braucht nötig Urlaub.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nötigen]]

+ * [[Nötigung]]

+ * [[unnötig]]

+ * [[benötigen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Not]]

+ * [[notwendig]]

+ * [[Notdurft]]

+ * [[en|need]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}