Fan German · revision 35496

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing, clipping|attested=1949|origins=la fānum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [fɛn]^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''Fan''' ''m'' (genitive Fans, plural Fans)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|fan|t=enthusiastic supporter]], borrowed in the middle of the 20th century.^(Kluge 2011|276)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|255) The English word, which came to German from American usage, is a shortening of [[m|en|fanatic|t=fanatic, zealot]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Wiktionary) That adjective goes back to [[la|fānāticus|t=inspired, frenzied]], which belongs to [[m|la|fānum|t=temple, sanctuary]].^(Kluge 2011|276)^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ The same loan is found in Dutch, French, Swedish and Norwegian ([[nl|fan]], [[fr|fan]], [[sv|fan]]).^(Kluge 2011|276) In German it is related to [[fanatisch]] and, more distantly, to [[profan]].^(Kluge 2011|276)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch's first record is from 1949, in the compound ''Jazz-Fans'' “jazz fans”; the revised Grimm dictionary also notes that the word first appears as the second part of ''Jazzfan''.^(DFWB)^(DWB2|9, 126)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ English already had sporadic spellings ''phan'' and ''fann'' in the late 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) In German the word was at first used above all of devotees of jazz, sport and film, and of young enthusiasts.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993) It soon became very productive as the second part of compounds such as [[Fußballfan]], [[Jazzfan]], ''Autofan'' and ''Opernfan''.^(DFWB) A feminine ''Fanin'' has occasionally been formed, but ''Fan'' is normally used of women as well.^(DFWB)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ In technical language ''Fan'' also names the front part of a jet engine, the fan.^(Wiktionary DE)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 17th century – English has sporadic forms ''phan'', ''fann''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1949 – First German record, in ''Jazz-Fans''.^(DFWB)

+ * 1951 – Female ''Fans'' are mentioned, still in quotation marks.^(DFWB)

+ * Mid-20th century – The word is established in German.^(Kluge 2011|276)^(Duden 7 2020|255)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An enthusiastic [[m|en|supporter]] or [[m|en|admirer]] of someone or something, such as a singer, a team or a kind of music: ''Die Fans warteten stundenlang vor dem Hotel.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(technology)'' The [[m|en|fan]] of a [[m|en|jet engine|alt=jet engine]], its front stage.^(Wiktionary DE)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Fußballfan]]

+ * [[Jazzfan]]

+ * [[Filmfan]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fanatisch]]

+ * [[profan]]

+ * [[en|fan]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ The rare female first name ''Fan'' is a separate word: a short or pet form of ''Fanny''.^(Wiktionary DE) The noun is pronounced as in English, [fɛn].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}