Lehrer German · revision 35488

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=8th century, Old High German|origins=gem-pro *laizijaną}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Lehrer''' ''m'' (genitive Lehrers, plural Lehrer; feminine [[Lehrerin]])^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Adelung 1793)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|lērære]], [[inh|goh|lērāri]], the agent noun of [[lehren|t=to teach]], [[m|goh|lēren]].^(Kluge 2011|568)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Köbler AHD) The same formation is [[got|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃|tr=laisareis]] [[osx|lērari]], [[nl|leraar]], [[sv|lärare]] and [[da|lærer]];^(DWB|12, 570)^(Pfeifer 1993) Old English and English have no such noun.^(DWB|12, 570)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ The verb is [[gem-pro|*laizijaną|t=to teach]], also in [[got|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=laisjan]] and [[ang|lǣran]], a causative “to make know” of a preterite-present verb that in Gothic meant “I know”.^(Kluge 2011|568)^(Pfeifer 1993) The further origin is uncertain: Pfeifer connects it, together with [[lernen]] and [[List]], with a root [[ine-pro|*leys-|t=track, furrow]], while Kluge thinks this assumption doubtful at every point and prefers a connection with [[sga|lenaid|t=stays, adheres, follows]].^(Kluge 2011|568)^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''lērāri'' is recorded from the 8th century, in glosses, the Benedictine Rule and the Tatian, mostly meaning “teacher of the word of God”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Pfeifer 1993) Middle High German ''lērære'' rendered Latin ''doctor''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the Middle Ages and in Luther's Bible the word often meant a teacher of religion, as of Ezra, ''der ein lerer war in den worten des herrn''.^(DWB|12, 570)^(Pfeifer 1993) Fifteenth-century glossaries use ''lerer'' for Latin ''doctor'', ''pedagogus'' and ''didascalus''.^(DWB|12, 570)

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+ Adelung defines it as someone who teaches others, especially with a public office to do so, and notes that in the narrowest sense the clergy were called ''Lehrer''.^(Adelung 1793) Today it is above all the professional title of a school teacher.^(Duden GWDS 1999) The feminine ''Lehrerin'' is recorded from the 15th century, after an Old High German ''lērārin'' for Latin ''doctrix''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''lērāri'' “teacher (of the Word)”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1150–1190 – Middle High German ''lērære'' in Heinrich von Melk.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 15th century – ''Lehrerin''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1800 – Adelung records ''Lehrer in Schulen'' and the clerical sense.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|teacher]] at a school (a profession): ''Unsere Lehrerin für Mathematik ist sehr streng.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A teacher at a university or college: ''Er wirkte jahrzehntelang als Lehrer an der Universität Bonn.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # An [[m|en|instructor]], especially in sport: ''Sie arbeitet im Winter als Lehrer in einer Skischule.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Someone who passes on knowledge to others and serves as a model; a [[m|en|mentor]]: ''Der alte Tischler war sein wichtigster Lehrer.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Lehrerin]]

+ * [[Lehrerzimmer]]

+ * [[Grundschullehrer]]

+ * [[Hochschullehrer]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lehren]]

+ * [[Lehre]]

+ * [[Lehrling]]

+ * [[gelehrt]]

+ * [[lernen]]

+ * [[List]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}