Organisation German · revision 35483

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=second half of the 17th century|origins=grc ὄργανον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ʔɔɐ̯ɡanizaˈtsi̯oːn], [ʔɔʁɡanizaˈtsi̯oːn]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Organisation''' ''f'' (genitive Organisation, plural Organisationen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|organisation]], borrowed in the second half of the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)^(Duden 7 2007) The Grimms' dictionary traces the French noun further to [[la-new|organisatio]].^(DWB|13, 1339) It belongs to [[m|fr|organiser|t=to organize]], a derivative of [[m|fr|organe|t=organ, tool]] modelled on [[la-med|organizō|t=to shape with tools]], and goes back through [[la|organum|t=tool, instrument]] to [[grc|ὄργανον|tr=órganon|t=tool, instrument, organ of sense]], which stands in ablaut with [[m|grc|ἔργον|tr=érgon|t=work]].^(Kluge 2011|673)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ Kluge treats it as the abstract noun of [[organisieren]], borrowed from French in the 18th century.^(Kluge 2011|673) The same word is [[en|organization]].^(Kluge 2011|673)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ At first the word was used in medicine, natural science and philosophy for the build and state of the human body and soul.^(Pfeifer 1993) Herder and Kant use it for the activity that forms an organism and for the structure of a living being: Herder compares plants and animals with respect to the ''Organisation'' of man.^(DWB|13, 1339)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Under the influence of the ideas of the French Revolution the word was transferred in the 18th century to the institutions of the state and to economic and political bodies.^(Pfeifer 1993) Kant noted that it had recently been used very aptly, during the remaking of a great people into a state, for the arrangement of the magistracies and of the whole body politic, and he also speaks of the ''Organisation'' of a university.^(DWB|13, 1339) In the 19th century it came to mean the systematic preparation of a process or a piece of work, and in the 20th century a union of people such as an association or a party.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ In medicine it also names the conversion of dead tissue into connective tissue.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007) [[ro|organizație]] was borrowed from German.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Second half of the 17th century – Borrowed from French, at first in medicine and philosophy.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ * 18th century – Used of the state and of political and economic bodies.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1803 – A remonstrance at Würzburg protests against the coming ''Organisation'' of the university.^(DWB|13, 1339)

+ * 19th century – First record of the sense “systematic preparation of a process”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 20th century – First record of the sense “association, party”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of [[m|en|organizing]] something: ''Die Organisation des Festes lag bei ihr.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The [[m|en|structure]] or make-up of an institution: ''die Organisation der Verwaltung''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # The joining together of people to pursue common interests.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # An [[m|en|organization]], [[m|en|association]] or union of people with common aims: ''eine gemeinnützige Organisation''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(biology)'' The body plan of an organism, the form and arrangement of its organs.^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # ''(medicine)'' The conversion of dead tissue into connective tissue with blood vessels.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[organisieren]]

+ * [[Organisator]]

+ * [[Organ]]

+ * [[Organismus]]

+ * [[organisch]]

+ * [[en|organization]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}