jährlich German · revision 35482

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1000, Notker|origins=gem-pro *jērą}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈjɛːɐ̯lɪç/, /ˈjeːɐ̯-/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''jährlich''' (strong nominative masculine singular jährlicher, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|jærlich]], [[inh|goh|jārlīh]], [[af|goh|jār|-līh|t1=year]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler AHD)^(Pfeifer 1993) Old High German also had the adverb [[m|goh|jārlīhhēn|t=yearly]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE) The same formation is [[en|yearly]] and [[dum|jaerlijc]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Its base [[Jahr]] is [[gem-pro|*jērą|t=year]], also in [[got|𐌾𐌴𐍂|tr=jēr]], [[non|ár]] and [[ang|ġēar]].^(Kluge 2011|454)^(Pfeifer 1993) It is compared with [[grc|ὥρα|tr=hṓra|t=season, hour]], [[ae|yār-]] and [[la|hōrnus|t=of this year]], from [[ine-pro|*i̯ēro-|t=year, summer]].^(Kluge 2011|454)^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge starts from a meaning “spring”, years being counted by springs, and calls a derivation from the root “to go” very uncertain.^(Kluge 2011|454)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''jārlīh'' “yearly” is recorded once, in Notker, about 1000.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|169) Middle High German ''jærlich'' is found from the late 12th century.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The meaning has stayed “happening every year”.^(DWB)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Luther's Bible uses it of a yearly atonement and a yearly sacrifice.^(DWB|10, 2244) Older German also had the adverbial forms ''jährlichen'' and ''jährlichs'', the latter going back to Notker's ''jârlîches''.^(DWB|10, 2244)

+

+ Adelung, around 1800, distinguished two senses: what happens once every year, and what happens over the course of a year, as in a yearly income.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – Old High German ''jārlīh'' in Notker.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * Late 12th century – Middle High German ''jærlich'' appears.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 16th century – Luther's Bible uses ''jerlich''.^(DWB|10, 2244)

+ * 1793 – Adelung records the adjective and adverb with two senses.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|annual|alt=Annual]], [[m|en|yearly]], happening or due every year: ''die jährliche Wartung der Heizung''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Every year, [[m|en|annually]]: ''Der Beitrag wird jährlich überwiesen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Jahr]]

+ * [[jährig]]

+ * [[jähren]]

+ * [[verjähren]]

+ * [[en|yearly]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}