Vorschlag German · revision 35473

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Middle High German|origins=gem-pro *slahaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈfoːɐ̯ʃlaːk], /ˈfoːɐ̯ʃlax/, /ˈfoːɐ̯ʃlaːx/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Vorschlag''' ''m'' (genitive Vorschlages or Vorschlags, plural Vorschläge)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|vürslac]], a noun belonging to the verb [[vorschlagen]] ([[m|gmh|vürslahen]], [[goh|furislahan]]), from [[vor]] and [[schlagen]] “to strike”.^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary)^(DWB|26, 1470) [[da|forslag]] was borrowed from German.^(DWB|26, 1470)

+

+ That verb is [[m|goh|slahan]], [[gem-pro|*slahaną|t=to strike]], also seen in [[got|𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽|tr=slahan]], [[non|slá]], [[ang|slēan]] and [[en|slay]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Orel 2003) Outside Germanic it is compared only with Celtic words such as [[mga|slacc|t=sword]], so Pfeifer sets up a root [[ine-pro|*slak-|t=to strike]];^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) Kroonen treats the word as shared only by Germanic and Celtic, perhaps onomatopoeic in origin.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''vürslac'' meant a first blow, a barricade or enclosing siege, and an advance calculation.^(Wiktionary DE)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The Grimms' dictionary takes “a stroke that comes before another” as the original concrete sense: the leading stroke when several men threshed or forged in time.^(DWB|26, 1470)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the stroke that comes first the word passed to an advantage, as in fencing, and then to a plan one makes for oneself, an intention (now obsolete), and in older usage a thesis: a source of 1560 speaks of Luther's 95 ''fürschläg''.^(DWB|26, 1470) The modern sense “proposal, something put to another for a decision” goes with ''jemandem etwas vorschlagen'', usual from the 16th and 17th centuries.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|26, 1470)^(Wiktionary DE) Adelung notes that it was used especially of proposals to settle a dispute.^(DWB|26, 1470)

+

+ Crafts used the word for things set before or added to something else: the lime mortar on roof tiles, the wad of hay or turf over the powder in a cannon, a flux in smelting.^(Adelung 1793) In music it named a grace note played before the main note, in the 18th century;^(Wiktionary DE)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Duden explains this sense as a loan translation of [[it|appoggiatura]].^(Wiktionary DE)^(Duden GWDS 1999) [[pl|forszlak]] (1575) and [[ru|форшлаг|tr=foršlag]] (1798) were borrowed from German in the musical sense.^(LWP) The [[Vorschlaghammer]] (sledgehammer) keeps the smith's sense.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Middle High German – ''vürslac'' “first blow; barricade; advance calculation”.^(Wiktionary DE)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ * 16th century – The sense “advice, proposal” appears.^(Wiktionary DE)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1560 – Luther's 95 theses are called ''fürschläg''.^(DWB|26, 1470)

+ * 1575 – Polish ''forszlak'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 18th century – First record of the musical sense “grace note”.^(Wiktionary DE)

+ * 1798 – Russian ''foršlag'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|proposal]], [[m|en|suggestion]]: something proposed to someone for consideration: ''Der Vorstand nahm ihren Vorschlag an.'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''auf Vorschlag des Ausschusses'', on the committee's proposal;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''ein Vorschlag zur Güte'' (jocular), a suggested compromise.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(music)'' An [[m|en|appoggiatura]] or [[m|en|acciaccatura]]: an ornament of one or more notes played before the main note.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Switzerland)'' A [[m|en|surplus]] or profit shown in a balance.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(firearms, dated)'' The [[m|en|wad]] placed over the charge in a muzzle-loader.^(Wiktionary)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Vorschlaghammer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Schlag]]

+ * [[vorschlagen]]

+ * [[Anschlag]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}