morgen German · revision 35455

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=9th century|origins=gem-pro *murginaz}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈmɔrɡən/, [ˈmɔʁɡən]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''morgen'''^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|morgene]], [[inh|goh|morgane]], the dative singular of the noun [[Morgen]] “morning” used as an adverb, properly “in the morning”.^(Kluge 2011|635)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The noun with a preposition served the same purpose in the other old Germanic languages, and [[en|morrow]] and [[m|en|morn]] are the same word.^(Kluge 2011|635)^(Wiktionary)

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+ The noun is [[goh|morgan]], from [[gem-pro|*murginaz|t=morning]], also found in [[got|𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr=maurgins]], [[non|morginn]] and [[ang|morgen]].^(Kluge 2011|635)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) It probably first meant “dawn, twilight”: Kluge and Pfeifer connect it with a root [[ine-pro|*merk-|t=to flicker; to grow dark]], found in [[ru|мрак|tr=mrak|t=gloom, darkness]] and [[lt|merkti|alt=mérkti|t=to close one's eyes]].^(Kluge 2011|635)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) Kroonen calls its derivation uncertain, and the Grimms thought its origin obscure.^(Kroonen 2013)^(DWB|12, 2556)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The adverb is recorded from the 9th century;^(Kluge 2011|635)^(Pfeifer 1993) Pfeifer finds the Old High German dative used this way only in ''ubarmorgane'' “the day after tomorrow”.^(Kluge 2011|635)^(Pfeifer 1993) The EWA lists the noun ''morgan'' in adverbial phrases meaning “on the next day, tomorrow”, glossing Latin ''cras'', and ''ubar morgana'' for ''perendie''.^(EWA|6, 557)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The meaning moved from “in the morning” to “on the following morning”, after the night between, and then to “on the whole of the following day”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Hence ''morgen früh'' and ''morgen Abend''.^(Paul 2002) Older writers could also use it from a past point of view for “on the next day”, as Lessing did: ''ward morgen ins Verhör gebracht'' (“was brought to trial the next day”).^(Paul 2002) It also came to mean “in the future”, and the noun ''das Morgen'' “the future” is formed from it.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ The adjective [[morgig]] “of tomorrow” dates from the 15th century, shortened from Middle High German ''morgenic''.^(Duden 7 2020) The Grimms note a short form ''morn''.^(DWB|12, 2564) Esperanto ''morgaŭ'' was borrowed from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th century – The Old High German dative is used as an adverb, in ''ubarmorgane''.^(Kluge 2011|635)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1120–1130 – Middle High German has an adjective ''morgen'' “of tomorrow”, in the Exodus poem.^(Köbler MHD)^(Lexer 1872|1, 2200)

+ * 15th century – ''morgig'' “of tomorrow” is recorded.^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|tomorrow|alt=Tomorrow]], on the day after today: ''Morgen fahren wir an die See.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the [[m|en|future]], in time to come: ''die Technik von morgen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[morgig]]

+ * [[übermorgen]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Morgen]]

+ * [[morgens]]

+ * [[en|morrow]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ The proverb ''morgen, morgen, nur nicht heute, sagen alle faulen Leute'' (“tomorrow, tomorrow, just not today, say all the lazy people”) goes back to a song by Christian Felix Weiße;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''morgen ist auch noch ein Tag'' means that something can wait.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}