national German · revision 35450

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=first half of the 16th century|origins=la nāscor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˌnatsi̯oˈnaːl/, [ˌna.tsjoˈnaːl], /ˈnatsi̯oˌnaːl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''national''' (strong nominative masculine singular nationaler, comparative nationaler, superlative am nationalsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-new|nātiōnālis]], with the influence of [[fr|national]], which gave it its political sense in the second half of the 18th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE) The Duden dictionary and the Grimms take it from the French word, with the Latin one behind it.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|13, 425)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ The Latin adjective is formed from [[la|nātiō|t=birth; tribe, people]], the noun that German borrowed as [[Nation]] around 1400, and that noun comes from [[m|la|nāscor|t=to be born]], related to [[m|la|genus|t=birth, kind]].^(Kluge 2011|649)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The adjective first appears in the compound ''Nationalversammlung'' in the imperial recesses of the first half of the 16th century, and then as a noun ''National'', a diet of a whole nation or kingdom (second half of the 16th century).^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE) The Early New High German dictionary records it in ''national concil'', a church council of the German nation as opposed to a general council of Christendom, and ''national versamlung'', an assembly of the estates, mostly written separately.^(FWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Under French influence it became a common political word in the second half of the 18th century, for a time alongside ''nationell'' (19th century), and the first element of many compounds: ''Nationalcharakter'', ''Nationalliteratur'' and ''Nationaltheater'' (second half of the 18th century), ''Nationalbewusstsein'' and ''Nationalstaat'' (second half of the 19th century).^(Pfeifer 1993) Lessing wrote of a ''Nationaltheater'', Herder of ''Nationalstolz'' and Goethe of a ''Nationalsprache''.^(DWB|13, 425)

+

+ It shares the history of the noun, whose meaning narrowed in the 18th century, after the French model, from a people of common birth to a community with a shared political and cultural past and the will to form a state.^(Duden 7 2007)^(Pfeifer 1993) The derivatives ''Nationalität'' (end of the 18th century) and ''Nationalismus'' followed;^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Nationalismus'' first meant national thinking (mid-18th century) and only later the overvaluation of one's own nation.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1400 – The noun ''Nation'' is borrowed from Latin.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|649)

+ * First half of the 16th century – ''Nationalversammlung'' appears in the imperial recesses.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ * Second half of the 16th century – The noun ''National'' “national diet” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Second half of the 18th century – The adjective becomes common as a political word.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ * End of the 18th century – ''Nationalität'' is formed.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – ''Nationalist'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Relating to a [[m|en|nation]], belonging to it or characteristic of it: ''die nationale Identität''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Within one country, [[m|en|nationwide]], as opposed to regional or international: ''ein nationales Netz von Ladestationen''.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Putting the interests of one's own nation first, [[m|en|patriotic]], moderately [[m|en|nationalist]]: ''national gesinnte Wähler''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Nationalismus]]

+ * [[Nationalität]]

+ * [[Nationalfeiertag]]

+ * [[Nationalmannschaft]]

+ * [[Nationalsozialismus]]

+ * [[Nationalversammlung]]

+ * [[Nationalist]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Nation]]

+ * [[en|national]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}