Auftritt German · revision 35449

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1300, Passional|origins=gmw-pro *tredan}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈaʊftʁɪt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Auftritt''' ''m'' (genitive Auftrittes or Auftritts, plural Auftritte)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|ūftrit|t=height, length]], a noun formed from [[auftreten]] (Middle High German [[m|gmh|ūftreten|t=to rise, step up]]), that is [[auf]] and [[treten]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|3, 816) The Grimms compare [[da|optrin]], and Wiktionary [[lb|Optrëtt]] and [[nb|opptrinn]].^(DWB|1, 765)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The verb is [[m|gmh|treten]], [[goh|tretan]] (9th century), from [[gmw-pro|*tredan|t=to tread]], also found in [[ang|tredan]], whence [[en|tread]], and in [[ofs|treda]]; beside it stands [[gem-pro|*trudaną]] in [[got|𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=trudan]] and [[non|troða]].^(Kluge 2011|929)^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge finds no exact comparison outside Germanic and suspects an imitative origin, as in [[trampeln]] and [[traben]].^(Kluge 2011|929) Pfeifer cautiously starts from a participle [[ine-pro|*druto-]] of [[m|ine-pro|*dreu-]], an extension of [[m|ine-pro|*der-|t=to run, tread, trip]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, about 1300 in the ''Passional'', has the Middle High German noun in the sense “length, height”: Saint Christopher's body measured twelve ells ''an uftrit''.^(DWB2|3, 816)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th century the word meant stepping up or out, as when the frogs in Rollenhagen's ''Froschmeuseler'' (1595) ''aus dem wasser den aufftritt nahmen'' (“climbed out of the water”), and also the step one treads on, such as a mounting block in front of a house.^(DWB2|3, 816)^(DWB|1, 765)

+

+ From the entrance of actors it became the name of a section of a play, from one entrance or exit to the next: Gryphius had called scenes ''Eingänge'', and in the 18th century, through Christian Weise and Gottsched, ''Auftritt'' became the German word for ''Scene''.^(DWB|1, 765)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Adelung 1793) Adelung notes that Georg Greflinger had tried ''Auskunft'' in his translation of the ''Cid'' (printed 1679), without followers.^(Adelung 1793) Like French ''scène'', it then came to mean any striking incident, which led to the sense “heated quarrel”, a “scene”.^(DWB|1, 765)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Since the 18th century it has also meant a public appearance in general: Schiller wrote of Moses' late political ''Auftritt'' (1790).^(DWB2|3, 816)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1300 – Middle High German ''ūftrit'' “length, height” in the ''Passional''.^(DWB2|3, 816)

+ * 1595 – Rollenhagen uses ''aufftritt'' for climbing out of the water.^(DWB2|3, 816)

+ * 1679 – Greflinger proposes ''Auskunft'' for “scene”, without success.^(Adelung 1793)

+ * 18th century – ''Auftritt'' becomes the word for a scene of a play.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|1, 765)

+ * 1790 – Schiller speaks of a political ''Auftritt'', a public appearance.^(DWB2|3, 816)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(theatre)'' An actor's [[m|en|entrance]] on stage; also any public [[m|en|appearance]] or performance, such as a musician's gig or a politician's speech: ''Vor ihrem ersten Auftritt war sie nervös.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(theatre)'' A [[m|en|scene]], a part of an act.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A heated quarrel, a row: ''Er wollte keinen Auftritt vor den Gästen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The way someone presents themselves in public, [[m|en|bearing]].^(Wiktionary DE)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A step or something similar to tread on.^(Wiktionary DE)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[auftreten]]

+ * [[treten]]

+ * [[Tritt]]

+ * [[Antritt]]

+ * [[Austritt]]

+ * [[Übertritt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}