dauern German · revision 35439

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1150, Der arme Hartmann|origins=la dūrus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈdaʊ̯ɐn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dauern''' (third-person singular present dauert, past tense dauerte, past participle gedauert, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older form ''dauren'' prevailed until after 1750 and disappeared from writing soon after 1800, though it lives on in dialects.^(DWB2|6, 397) Forms with ''t-'' (''tauren'') retreated from the 16th century and died out in the first half of the 18th.^(DWB2|6, 397)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|dūren]] (also [[m|gmh|tūren]]), [[bor|gml|dūren]], [[der|la|dūrō|t=to harden; to last, endure]], from [[m|la|dūrus|t=hard]].^(Kluge 2011|182)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb was taken first into Middle Low German and [[dum|dūren]], as also into [[ofs|dūria]], and the word spread southwards into High German from the 12th century, where it competed with native [[m|gmh|wern]], the modern [[währen]].^(Kluge 2011|182)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 397) [[fr|durer]] comes from the same Latin verb, and [[en|dure]] from French.^(DWB2|6, 397)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest record is in the ''Rede vom Glauben'' of Der arme Hartmann (before 1150, in a manuscript of about 1187).^(DWB2|6, 397) The first sense was “to hold out, persist, withstand”: Wolfram says of a knight that he ''wol in strîte tûren kan'' “can well hold out in battle”.^(DWB|2, 840)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word stayed rare in Middle High German, was avoided by Walther, Hartmann and Gottfried, and Luther does not use it.^(DWB|2, 840) Until the 15th century it was at home mainly in Low and western Central German; after 1550 it gained ground and in the 17th century became general, and in common use only in the 18th.^(DWB2|6, 397)^(Pfeifer 1993) The sense “to last for a certain time”, found already in Middle High German, has dominated since about 1700; the older “to hold out” still occurs in Lessing.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The noun [[Dauer]], rare in Middle High German, reappears in the second half of the 17th century, at first meaning “durability”, then “duration”.^(Pfeifer 1993) [[dauerhaft]] dates from the 16th century and the participle [[dauernd]] “constant” from the first half of the 18th.^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Dauerbrenner'', a kind of stove, was used figuratively from about 1920 for something that stays popular, and ''Dauerlauf'' as a sport goes back to Jahn and Eiselen (1816).^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1150 – First record, in Der arme Hartmann.^(DWB2|6, 397)

+ * Early 13th century – Wolfram uses ''tûren'' “to hold out”.^(DWB|2, 840)

+ * 16th century – ''dauerhaft'' appears; the spelling ''dauern'' with metathesis begins.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 397)

+ * After 1550 – The verb spreads and becomes general in the 17th century.^(DWB2|6, 397)

+ * Second half of the 17th century – The noun ''Dauer'' comes back into use.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * About 1700 – The sense “to last a certain time” becomes the dominant one.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1816 – ''Dauerlauf'' in Jahn and Eiselen's ''Deutsche Turnkunst''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|last]], to take a certain time: ''Die Reparatur dauert drei Tage.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(formal)'' To [[m|en|endure]], to remain unchanged: ''Ihr Ruhm wird nicht dauern.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial, impersonal)'' To take a while: ''Bei der Behörde dauert es wieder.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated)'' To hold out, to persevere.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Dauer]]

+ * [[dauerhaft]]

+ * [[dauernd]]

+ * [[andauern]]

+ * [[ausdauern]]

+ * [[fortdauern]]

+ * [[Dauerbrenner]]

+ * [[Dauerlauf]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[währen]]

+ * [[en|endure]]

+ * [[fr|durer]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A second verb of the same spelling, [[m|gmh|tūren]] “to grieve, to arouse pity”, survives in formal or archaic use: ''er dauert mich'' “I feel sorry for him”, and is the base of [[bedauern]].^(Kluge 2011|182)^(Duden 7 2020|191) Duden and Paul connect it with [[teuer]], from an original “to seem too dear, too costly” (of money or effort spent in vain), whence “to regret” and then “to pity”;^(Duden 7 2020|191)^(Paul 2002)^(Kluge 2011|182) Kluge objects that the sounds do not allow this without unproven extra steps and calls its origin unclear.^(Duden 7 2020|191)^(Paul 2002)^(Kluge 2011|182) The revised Grimm puts it in an ablaut relation to ''teuer'' but of uncertain origin; the sense “it is too costly for me” died out around the middle of the 19th century.^(DWB2|6, 403)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}