ankündigen German · revision 35434

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1526|origins=gem-pro *kunþaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈankʏndɪɡn̩/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ankündigen''' (third-person singular present kündigt an, past tense kündigte an, past participle angekündigt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|an-|kündigen]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) The same formation is [[gml|ankündigen]] and [[nl|aankondigen]].^(DWB2|2, 1117)^(DWB|1, 387)

+

+ The base verb (13th century) first meant “to make known, proclaim”, and is formed from the adjective [[kund]] “known”.^(Kluge 2011|549) That is [[gmh|kunt]], [[goh|kund]], [[osx|kūth]], from [[gem-pro|*kunþaz|t=known]], an old participle, also found in [[non|kunnr]] and [[ang|cūþ]], which survives in [[en|uncouth]].^(Kluge 2011|549)^(Wiktionary) The same participle formation is [[la|nōtus|t=known]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵn̥ə-to-]].^(Kluge 2011|549) In form the adjective belongs with [[können]], in meaning with [[kennen]].^(Kluge 2011|549)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first records are official: in 1526 rebels were to be reported faithfully to the authorities (''der oberkeit trewlich anzukundigen''), and in 1570 a mill regulation was to be announced to the subjects.^(DWB2|2, 1117) The Early New High German dictionary gives the senses “to announce, proclaim” and “to promise”.^(FWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Beside it, the shorter ''ankünden'' was used from Early New High German until the 19th century, as the more solemn and poetic word;^(Paul 2002)^(Adelung 1793) Adelung called ''ankündigen'' the frequentative of that verb and defined it as “to make known solemnly”.^(Paul 2002)^(Adelung 1793) Paul dates the sense “to tell someone that something will happen” to the 17th century (Stieler, 1691), and ''den Krieg ankündigen'' “to declare war” is recorded from 1648.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB2|2, 1117)

+

+ From this came the figurative sense “to show the signs of something approaching”, as in Dusch's evening star that heralds the end of work, and the reflexive ''sich ankündigen'', which Goethe used of Naples presenting itself cheerful and lively.^(Paul 2002)^(Adelung 1793)^(DWB|1, 387) It also came to mean announcing one's own visit: Goethe's secretary Soret announced the prince for the afternoon and himself for the evening.^(Paul 2002) The noun [[Ankündigung]] shares both senses.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''kund'' “known” is recorded.^(Kluge 2011|549)

+ * 13th century – ''kündigen'' “to make known” appears.^(Kluge 2011|549)

+ * 1526 – First record of ''ankündigen'', in an official text.^(DWB2|2, 1117)

+ * 1648 – ''den Krieg ankündigen'' “to declare war”.^(DWB2|2, 1117)

+ * 1691 – Stieler records the sense “to announce a future event”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1793 – Adelung defines it as “to make known solemnly”.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|announce]] in advance, make known: ''Der Verlag kündigt einen neuen Roman an.'' ''Sich ankündigen'', to let someone know one is coming.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To [[m|en|herald]], show signs of approaching: ''Das Gewitter kündigte sich durch fernes Donnern an.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Ankündigung]]

+ * [[Ankündiger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[verkündigen]]

+ * [[vorankündigen]]

+ * [[kündigen]]

+ * [[kund]]

+ * [[Kunde]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}