neu German · revision 35409

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *neu-jo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /nɔʏ̯/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''neu''' (strong nominative masculine singular neuer, comparative neuer, superlative am neuesten or am neusten)^(Wiktionary)

+ Until the 17th century the word was usually written ''new'', ''newer''; the fuller ''neuw'' also occurs.^(DWB|13, 644)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|niuwe]], [[inh|goh|niuwi]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*niwi]], [[inh|gem-pro|*niwjaz|t=new]].^(Kluge 2011|654)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[got|𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃|tr=niujis]], [[non|nýr]], [[ang|nīwe]], [[osx|niuwi]] and [[ofs|nīe]], and today [[nl|nieuw]], [[en|new]] and [[sv|ny]].^(Kluge 2011|654)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The Germanic adjective continues [[ine-pro|*neu-jo-|t=new]], an adjective with a j-suffix also found in [[lt|naũjas]], [[sga|núa]] and [[cy|newydd]].^(Kluge 2011|654)^(Pfeifer 1993) Without the suffix the same word is [[ine-pro|*néwos]], seen in [[grc|νέος|tr=néos]], [[la|novus]], [[ru|новый|tr=nóvyj]] and [[hit|newa-]].^(Kluge 2011|654)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) It may be a full-grade form of the adverb [[ine-pro|*nu|t=now]] (see [[nun]]);^(Kluge 2011|654)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) the Duden and Paul also connect [[neun]].^(Duden 7 2020)^(Paul 2002) The Old High German diphthong /iu/ arose from an original /e/ followed by /ww/.^(EWA|6, 998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''niuwi'' appears in glosses from about 765, in the Abrogans and in Tatian, Otfrid and Notker, meaning “new, young, fresh, inexperienced”, for Latin ''novus'', ''recens'' and ''rudis''.^(EWA|6, 998)^(Köbler AHD) Phrases include ''niuwēr māno'' “new moon” and ''diu niuwa ēwa'' “the New Testament”.^(Schützeichel 2012|239)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''niuwe'' could also mean “fresh, renewing itself” and, of people, “changeable, fickle”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler MHD) Paul describes the modern range: first “just made”, then of things recently acquired or of a recent relationship (''neuer Diener'', ''neue Wohnung''), “not yet used”, and the produce of the current year, as ''neuer Wein'' and ''neue Kartoffeln''.^(Paul 2002) Fixed contrasts such as ''das Neue Testament'', ''die Neue Welt'' and [[Neuzeit]] keep the name even for things that are very old.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Many derivatives have their own histories: [[neulich]] goes back to Old High German ''niuwilīhho'' and has been used as an adjective since the 16th century; [[Neuling]] appears in the 15th century; and [[Neujahr]] meant a New Year's gift in the 16th century before it meant New Year's Day in the 17th.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 765 – Old High German ''niuwi'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)^(Kluge 2011|654)

+ * 9th century – ''niuwilīhho'' “recently”, the ancestor of ''neulich'', is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – ''Neuling'' “newcomer” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+ * 1482 – The spelling ''neu'' is recorded in a German–Latin vocabulary, though ''new'' remains usual until the 17th century.^(DWB|13, 644)

+ * 17th century – ''Neujahr'' is used for New Year's Day.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+ * 18th century – ''neuerdings'' “recently” is formed, on the model of ''allerdings''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|new]]: recently made, not yet used: ''neue Schuhe''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # From the latest [[m|en|harvest]]: ''neue Kartoffeln''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Having come into being only recently, different from before: ''eine neue Frisur'', ''die neueste Mode''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Having recently joined a group or position: ''neue Mitglieder'', ''ich bin hier neu''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Not known before: ''ein neues Element'', ''die neuesten Nachrichten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Belonging to the present or the recent past, [[m|en|modern]]: ''in neuerer Zeit'', ''die neueren Sprachen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[erneuern]]

+ * [[Neubau]]

+ * [[Neuerung]]

+ * [[Neugier]]

+ * [[Neugierde]]

+ * [[neugierig]]

+ * [[Neuheit]]

+ * [[Neuigkeit]]

+ * [[Neujahr]]

+ * [[neulich]]

+ * [[Neuling]]

+ * [[neumodisch]]

+ * [[Neuzeit]]

+ * [[neuern]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nun]]

+ * [[neun]]

+ * [[Novum]]

+ * [[en|new]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}