katholisch German · revision 35379

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=16th century|origins=grc καθόλου}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kaˈtoːlɪʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''katholisch''' (strong nominative masculine singular katholischer, comparative katholischer, superlative am katholischsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|catholicus|t=universal; orthodox]], borrowed in the 16th century, though the Latin word already appears in Old High German texts of the 8th century.^(Kluge 2011|481)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) The Latin adjective is from [[grc|καθολικός|tr=katholikós|t=general, universal]], from [[m|grc|καθόλου|tr=kathólou|t=on the whole, in general]], a fusion of [[m|grc|κατά|tr=katá|t=down; throughout]] with the genitive of [[m|grc|ὅλος|tr=hólos|t=whole]], so properly “over the whole”.^(Kluge 2011|481)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Greek adjective was applied to the Christian Church from the 2nd century, by Ignatius of Antioch, meaning “true, orthodox” with reference to the whole body of believers.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) In German it is recorded from the 16th century.^(Paul 2002)^(FWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Kluge traces the sense from the universal Church as against a local church, to the whole body of the faithful, then to the orthodox as against followers of other confessions, and finally to the name of one confession.^(Kluge 2011|481) Paul dates the confessional sense, as in [[römisch-katholisch]], to the Enlightenment.^(Paul 2002) [[Katholik]] arose about 1700, at first spelled ''Catholicke'' under French influence, replacing ''der Katholische'' (1583); [[Katholizismus]] is recorded in 1685.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

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+ The Grimms record popular phrases: in Protestant Saxony and Thuringia ''das ist zum Katholischwerden'' was a cry of despair, while in Bavaria and Austria ''katholisch'' meant “right, proper”, so that ''da geht's nicht katholisch zu'' meant “something is not right there”.^(DWB|11, 277)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Latin ''catholicus'' in Old High German texts.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – ''katholisch'' is borrowed into German.^(Kluge 2011|481)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1583 – ''der Katholische'' for a Catholic.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1685 – First record of ''Katholizismus''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1715 – ''Catholicke'', the forerunner of ''Katholik''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|catholic|alt=Catholic]], belonging to the Roman Catholic Church and its faith, with the Pope at its head: ''ein katholischer Pfarrer'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''(colloquial)'' ''die Katholischen'' “the Catholics”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of the Church of Christ: [[m|en|universal]], embracing the whole world: ''die katholischen Briefe'' “the Catholic Epistles”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(FWB)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Katholizismus]]

+ * [[altkatholisch]]

+ * [[römisch-katholisch]]

+ * [[Katholik]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|catholic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}