Rede German · revision 35378

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German glosses and Isidor|origins=gem-pro *raþjǭ}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈreːdə/, [ˈʁeːdə]^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''Rede''' ''f'' (genitive Rede, plural Reden)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|rede]], [[inh|goh|reda]], [[inh|gem-pro|*raþjǭ|t=account, reckoning]].^(Kluge 2011|752)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) Old High German also has the forms [[m|goh|redia]] and [[m|goh|radia]].^(Kluge 2011|752)^(Schützeichel 2012) The same word is [[got|𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐍉|tr=raþjō|t=number, account]], [[osx|rethia|t=account]] and [[ofs|rethe]].^(Kluge 2011|752)^(Orel 2003)^(Kroonen 2013)

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+ It matches [[la|ratiō|t=reckoning, account, reason]] exactly in form and meaning.^(Kluge 2011|752)^(Pfeifer 1993) The Grimms' dictionary took it to be an early borrowing of what it calls a Roman merchants' word,^(DWB|14, 450) and Orel cites the same proposal.^(Orel 2003) Kluge, however, thinks a native formation more likely on grounds of sound and word family, with secondary influence from the Latin word.^(Kluge 2011|752) Kluge and Pfeifer trace it ultimately to the root [[ine-pro|*h₂er-|t=to fit together]], also behind [[Arm]] and [[Reim]].^(Kluge 2011|752)^(Pfeifer 1993) Kroonen sets up [[m|ine-pro|*h₂rh₁-t-ieh₂-]] from a Germanic verbal root with a dental, while the Latin noun belongs to [[m|la|reor|t=to reckon, think]].^(Kroonen 2013)

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+ Its later meaning developed under the influence of the verb [[reden]], which was formed from the noun.^(Kluge 2011|752)^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''reda'' is recorded from the end of the 8th century in glosses and in the Old High German Isidor, then in Tatian, Otfrid and Notker.^(EWA|7, 241)^(Köbler AHD) Its senses ranged from “reason, understanding, reckoning, account, justification” to “opinion, argument, statement, speech, discourse”, as in ''reda irgeban'' “to render account”.^(EWA|7, 241)^(Schützeichel 2012|254)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''rede'' still meant “account, responsibility”, “reason, understanding” and “language”, as well as “speech, conversation, story”.^(Lexer 1872|2, 364)^(Pfeifer 1993) The idea of accounting survives in ''jemanden zur Rede stellen'' “to call someone to account”, which comes from the defendant's speech in court.^(Duden 7 2020) The phrase ''große Reden schwingen'' “to talk big” refers to the gestures of a speaker.^(Duden 7 2020)

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+ The verb [[reden]] is recorded from the 9th century, [[Redner]] from about 1000.^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Gebundene Rede'' “verse” was coined by the language societies of the 17th century, and [[Redensart]] (early 17th century) translates French ''manière de parler''.^(Pfeifer 1993) The Grimms note that the strong plural survived in part into the 17th century.^(DWB|14, 450)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''reda'' in glosses and Isidor.^(EWA|7, 241)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 9th century – ''redī'' and the verb ''redōn''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1000 – ''redināri'' “speaker”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – ''redselig'' “talkative”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Early 17th century – ''Redensart''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – ''gebundene Rede'' for verse.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|speech]], [[m|en|address]] to an audience: ''Die Bürgermeisterin hielt eine kurze Rede.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The art of speaking, [[m|en|oratory]]: ''in freier Rede''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Talk, words, what is said: ''davon kann keine Rede sein'' “that is out of the question”;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE) ''nicht der Rede wert'' “not worth mentioning”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[reden]]

+ * [[Redner]]

+ * [[Redensart]]

+ * [[redselig]]

+ * [[redlich]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[raten]]

+ * [[gerade]]

+ * [[hundert]]

+ * [[Räson]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Jemanden zur Rede stellen'' “to demand an explanation from someone” comes from court procedure, where the accused had to defend himself standing.^(Duden 7 2020) Wiktionary also records ''Rede'' as a youth-slang interjection of agreement, roughly “true, facts”.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}