Karte German · revision 35375

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=14th century|origins=grc χάρτης}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈkartə/, [ˈkaʁ.tə], [ˈkar-]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Southern, also: [-te]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, also: [-tɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Karte''' ''f'' (genitive Karte, plural Karten, diminutive Kärtchen n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|karte|t=stiff sheet of paper]], [[bor|fr|carte|t=stiff sheet]], borrowed in the 14th century.^(Kluge 2011|477)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|421) The French word goes back to [[la|charta|t=sheet of papyrus, paper]], from [[grc|χάρτης|tr=khártēs|t=sheet of papyrus]], which is probably of Egyptian origin.^(Kluge 2011|477)^(Duden 7 2020|421)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[en|card]], [[nl|kaart]] and [[sv|kort]].^(Kluge 2011|477)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Kluge holds that the sense “playing card” was taken over from Italian.^(Kluge 2011|477) Pfeifer goes further: the Middle French word itself rests on several borrowings, chiefly from [[it|carta|t=paper, card, map, playing card]], partly perhaps from [[la-med|charta]].^(Pfeifer 1993) The Frühneuhochdeutsches Wörterbuch also separates the older sense of a sheet for writing, from Latin, from the playing card, a later loan through Italian.^(FWB) [[Charta]] and [[Karton]] are later borrowings of the same Latin and Italian words.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Late Middle High German ''karte'' meant a piece of paper or parchment, a document, a painted sheet and also a playing card.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(FWB) The Grimms' dictionary quotes Michel Beheim offering a king ''karten, gsigelt und ungeschriben brief'' (“cards, sealed and unwritten letters”), that is, blank sheets already bearing the seal.^(DWB|11, 234)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word first named a stiff sheet used for some purpose, then all kinds of written, printed or painted pieces of card: the playing card, the map, the visiting card and others.^(Duden 7 2020|421)^(Paul 2002) Paul records ''kartenspill'' “card game” in 1461 and the sense “map”, short for [[Landkarte]], in 1663; later it became short for [[Postkarte]] and similar compounds.^(Paul 2002) It is also used collectively for all the cards of a game or a player, as in ''eine gute Karte haben''.^(Paul 2002)^(FWB)

+

+ Many phrases come from card games: ''die Karten aufdecken'' “to reveal one's intentions”, ''mit offenen Karten spielen'', ''sich nicht in die Karten sehen lassen'' and ''alles auf eine Karte setzen'' “to risk everything at once”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|421) Paul finds the last in Lenz's ''Die Soldaten'' and ''sich nicht in die Karten gucken lassen'' in Christian Weise.^(Paul 2002) The verb ''karten'' “to play cards”, also “to arrange cunningly” (about 1500), was later replaced in that sense by [[abkarten]] (18th century), properly “to deal the cards by secret agreement”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|421) German ''Karte'' was borrowed into Hungarian as ''kártya'' (1495) and into Polish as ''karta''.^(LWP)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – Late Middle High German ''karte'' is borrowed from French.^(Kluge 2011|477)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1461 – ''kartenspill'' “card game” is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1494 – First record of the verb ''karten''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1495 – Hungarian ''kártya'' “playing card” is first recorded, from German.^(LWP)

+ * 1663 – First record of ''Karte'' for a map.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 18th century – ''abkarten'' “to fix in advance” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|421)

+ * Late 19th century – ''Kartei'' “card index” is formed, at first as a trade name.^(Kluge 2011|477)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|card]]: a rectangular piece of thin [[m|en|cardboard]] or plastic used for notes, records and other purposes.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(football)'' ''die gelbe Karte'', ''die rote Karte'': the yellow or red card shown by the [[m|en|referee]] as a caution or a sending-off.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Short for [[Postkarte]] or [[Ansichtskarte]]: a [[m|en|postcard]]: ''Wir schicken euch eine Karte aus Rom.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Short for [[Visitenkarte]], [[Einladungskarte]] and similar compounds: a visiting card, an invitation card.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Short for [[Speisekarte]]: a [[m|en|menu]];^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''nach der Karte essen'', to order dishes from the menu rather than the set meal.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Short for [[Fahrkarte]] or [[Eintrittskarte]]: a [[m|en|ticket]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|playing card]] ([[Spielkarte]]), also collectively the cards a player holds: ''Sie mischte die Karten.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Short for [[Landkarte]]: a [[m|en|map]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Short for [[Kreditkarte]] or a bank card.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A coordinate [[m|en|chart]] in differential geometry.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Kartei]]

+ * [[abkarten]]

+ * [[Ansichtskarte]]

+ * [[Landkarte]]

+ * [[Postkarte]]

+ * [[Spielkarte]]

+ * [[Speisekarte]]

+ * [[Eintrittskarte]]

+ * [[Fahrkarte]]

+ * [[Kreditkarte]]

+ * [[Visitenkarte]]

+ * [[Kartenspiel]]

+ * [[Lochkarte]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Charta]]

+ * [[Karton]]

+ * [[Kartell]]

+ * [[Kartusche]]

+ * [[en|card]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Auf die falsche Karte setzen'' is to misjudge a situation and back the wrong side.^(Pfeifer 1993) The fixed phrase ''abgekartetes Spiel'' “a put-up job” comes from [[abkarten]].^(Duden 7 2020|421)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}