stammen German · revision 35374

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Middle High German, Lohengrin|origins=gmw-pro *stamni}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃtamən/, [ˈʃtamn̩]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stammen''' (third-person singular present stammt, past tense stammte, past participle gestammt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|stammen|t=to descend]], formed from [[Stamm]] “stem, tribe”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|875)^(Lexer 1872) That noun is [[gmh|stam]], [[goh|stam]], [[osx|stamn]], which Kluge traces to [[gmw-pro|*stamni|alt=*stamna-|t=stem, stem-post]], also in [[ang|stefn]] and [[m|ang|stemn]].^(Kluge 2011|875)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[nl|stam]] and [[en|stem]].^(Kluge 2011|875)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Kluge derives the noun from [[stehen]], so that it first meant something like “that which stands, an upright”.^(Kluge 2011|875) Pfeifer and the Duden dictionary connect it likewise with the root [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|alt=*stā-|t=to stand]], but only as probable, and compare [[grc|στάμνος|tr=stámnos|t=jar]], properly a standing vessel, [[sga|tamun|t=tree trunk]] and Tocharian B [[m|txb|stām|t=tree]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|811)^(Kluge 2011|875)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''stammen'' meant “to descend, originate”;^(Lexer 1872|2, 1133)^(DWB|17, 652) Lexer and the Grimms' dictionary quote it from ''Lohengrin'', of a man descended from the emperor Henry.^(Lexer 1872|2, 1133)^(DWB|17, 652)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb has always meant “to have one's origin”, from the image of branches growing out of one trunk.^(Adelung 1793)^(Pfeifer 1993) Adelung, around 1800, used it with the auxiliary ''sein'' and noted that in ordinary speech the compounds [[abstammen]] and [[herstammen]] were more usual than the simple verb; an Italian–German dictionary of 1702 had already said the same.^(Adelung 1793)^(DWB|17, 652) Today it takes ''haben''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ''Abstammen'' and the noun ''Abstammung'' are recorded from the 17th century, and the participle [[angestammt]] “inherited, ancestral” from the 16th, at first as Low German ''ahngestemmet''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|811) The Early New High German verb could also mean “to bequeath”.^(FWB)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Middle High German – ''stammen'' “to descend” appears in ''Lohengrin''.^(Lexer 1872|2, 1133)^(DWB|17, 652)

+ * 16th century – The participle ''angestammt'' is first recorded, as Low German ''ahngestemmet''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|811)

+ * 17th century – ''abstammen'' and ''Abstammung'' appear.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|811)

+ * 1702 – Kramer's dictionary notes that the simple verb is less used than its compounds.^(DWB|17, 652)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To come from a place, to [[m|en|originate]] there: ''Diese Orangen stammen aus Spanien.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To date from a time: ''Die Kirche stammt aus dem Mittelalter.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To [[m|en|descend]] from a family or background: ''Er stammt aus einer Bauernfamilie.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To go back to someone, to have been said, made or done by them: ''Von wem stammt dieses Gedicht?''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To have been taken or obtained from something: ''Das Zitat stammt aus einem Brief.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abstammen]]

+ * [[Abstammung]]

+ * [[herstammen]]

+ * [[angestammt]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Stamm]]

+ * [[stämmig]]

+ * [[Stammbaum]]

+ * [[stehen]]

+ * [[en|stem]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}