aufnehmen German · revision 35370

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 12th century|origins=gem-pro *nemaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʔaʊ̯fneːmən/, /ˈaʊ̯fneːmɛn/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Germany: [-neːmˑ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, Southern-Germany, Switzerland: [ˈaɔ̯f-]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aufnehmen''' (class 4 strong, third-person singular present nimmt auf, past tense nahm auf, past participle aufgenommen, past subjunctive nähme auf, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|ūfnëmen]], formed [[af|de|auf-|nehmen]].^(Wiktionary)^(DWB2|3, 625)^(Köbler MHD) Wiktionary reconstructs [[goh|*ūfnëman]] and [[gmw-pro|*uppneman]] before it; the same formation is [[gml|upnemen]], [[nl|opnemen]] and [[ang|upniman]].^(Wiktionary)^(DWB2|3, 625)

+

+ The verb [[nehmen]] is [[gmh|nemen]], [[goh|neman]], [[gem-pro|*nemaną]], also in [[got|𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽|tr=niman]], [[non|nema]] and [[ang|niman]].^(Kluge 2011|651) Its further origin is debated: Kluge compares both a family meaning “to take, buy”, [[la|emō]] and [[lt|im̃ti|t=to take]], which would be at most a rhyming variant, and the root [[ine-pro|*nem-|t=to allot]] of [[grc|νέμω|tr=némō|t=I distribute, possess]], and calls the connection unclear,^(Kluge 2011|651) while the Duden dictionary derives it from [[m|ine-pro|*nem-]] “to allot”, in the middle voice “to allot to oneself, take”.^(Duden 7 2020|579)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The revised Grimm dictionary's first quotation is a late 12th-century translation of a Latin hymn in which Christ's persecutor takes up the martyrs as the wind takes up roses.^(DWB2|3, 625) Middle High German ''ūfnemen'' meant to take up, receive, accept, understand, increase or begin.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The concrete sense “to pick up, lift” is the oldest;^(DWB2|3, 625)^(Paul 2002) Luther used it of Christ taken up to heaven.^(DWB2|3, 625)^(Paul 2002) From the idea of taking something to oneself came “to receive” guests, members or patients, “to take in” knowledge, “to borrow” money and “to include” a word in a dictionary.^(Paul 2002) With the sense “to take up again” it came to mean “to begin” work, talks or a fight, and the telephone sense “to pick up the receiver” is found in Sternheim.^(Paul 2002) The newer senses “to record” in writing, on film or on tape followed, and the noun [[Aufnahme]] is used for a photograph or recording.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ''Es mit jemandem aufnehmen'' “to be a match for someone” properly meant to take up arms against them.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – First quotation, in a German version of a Latin hymn.^(DWB2|3, 625)

+ * c. 1300 – Heinrich von Neustadt's ''Apollonius'' has a hero picking up his sword.^(DWB2|3, 625)

+ * 1563 – Kirchhof tells of a miller who picks up a nest of eggs.^(DWB2|3, 625)

+ * 1854 – The Grimms' dictionary cites ''ein Wort in ein Lexikon aufnehmen'' “to include a word in a dictionary”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pick up]], lift from the ground: ''Er nahm den Schlüssel vom Boden auf.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To begin, take up an activity: ''Die beiden Länder nahmen Verhandlungen auf.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|receive]], take in or accommodate someone: ''Die Familie nahm zwei Flüchtlinge auf.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|admit]] as a member; to include something: ''Sie wurde in den Chor aufgenommen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Austria)'' To employ, take on.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To hold, have room for: ''Der Saal nimmt 300 Gäste auf.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To take in mentally, to grasp; to absorb a substance.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To borrow money: ''einen Kredit aufnehmen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To react to something in a certain way: ''Der Vorschlag wurde gut aufgenommen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To [[m|en|record]]: to write down, photograph, film or record on tape: ''ein Lied aufnehmen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Northern Germany)'' To mop up from the floor.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(knitting)'' To cast on additional stitches.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Aufnahme]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nehmen]]

+ * [[annehmen]]

+ * [[vernehmen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Es mit jemandem aufnehmen (können)'' means “to be able to compete with someone, to be a match for them”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}