Gebiet German · revision 35360

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=13th century|origins=ine-pro *bʰewdʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɡəˈbiːt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Gebiet''' ''n'' (genitive Gebietes or Gebiets, plural Gebiete)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|gebiet]] (also [[m|gmh|gebiete]]), formed from the verb [[gebieten]] “to command”, which is itself [[bieten]] with the prefix [[ge-]].^(Kluge 2011|337)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|320)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The same noun is [[gml|gebede|t=command, decree]].^(Pfeifer 1993) Its first sense was “power of command”; from this came “the area over which a command holds”, and then “area” in general.^(Kluge 2011|337)

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+ Like the older [[Gebot]], it is an abstract noun of the verb.^(Pfeifer 1993) The Grimms point out that it is built on the present stem while the older noun is built on the past, that no Old High German counterpart is recorded, and that the word was still rare in the 13th century, a new formation beside the older noun.^(DWB|4, 1747)

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+ That verb is [[goh|biotan]], [[gem-pro|*beudaną]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-|t=to be aware, make aware]], also found in [[sa|बोधति|tr=bódhati|t=wakes, understands]] and [[grc|πεύθομαι|tr=peúthomai|t=I learn, inquire]].^(Kluge 2011|121)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''gebiet(e)'' and Middle Low German ''gebede'' meant “command, decree” in the 13th century, and then also “jurisdiction”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(FWB)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 14th century it developed the local sense “area of command, of rule, of jurisdiction”, the only one that survived into modern German.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(FWB) It was then generalized to any area and to a field of knowledge, as in ''das Gebiet der Wissenschaft''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|320) It was borrowed as [[pl|gbit|t=district]], recorded in 1428.^(LWP) In mathematics it names a domain, an open connected set.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Middle High German ''gebiet(e)'' “command” is first recorded.^(Kluge 2011|337)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 14th century – The sense “area under someone's authority” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1428 – Polish ''gbit'' “district” is recorded.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|area]] or [[m|en|region]] of some size, seen as a unit; a [[m|en|territory]]: ''Weite Gebiete im Süden des Landes sind vom Hochwasser betroffen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) In meteorology, a zone: ''ein Gebiet hohen Luftdrucks''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A [[m|en|field]], subject or area of activity: ''Auf dem Gebiet der Augenheilkunde ist sie eine Expertin.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A [[m|en|domain]]: a non-empty open connected set.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gebietsweise]]

+ * [[Gebietsreform]]

+ * [[Gebietskörperschaft]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gebieten]]

+ * [[bieten]]

+ * [[Gebot]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ Early New High German had a separate ''gebiet'' “scaffold, floor of boards”, used in Switzerland for the decks of a boat and in Hesse for the frame that carries a millstone.^(DWB|4, 1747)^(FWB)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}