Besuch German · revision 35357

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=11th century, Notker glosses|origins=ine-pro *seh₂g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /bəˈzuːχ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Besuch''' ''m'' (genitive Besuches or Besuchs, plural Besuche)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|besuoch]], [[inh|goh|bisuoh|t=temptation]], the noun of the verb [[besuchen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler AHD) The Duden dictionary instead treats the modern noun as a back-formation from the older [[m|de|Besuchung]], and the Grimms' dictionary notes that in the sense “visit” the earlier language knew only that longer word.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|1, 1688)

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+ That verb is [[gmh|besuochen]], [[goh|bisuohhen|t=to examine, try, ask]], [[suchen]] with the prefix [[be-]].^(Kluge 2011|115)^(Pfeifer 1993) The simple verb is [[goh|suohhen]], [[gem-pro|*sōkijaną|t=to seek]], the same word as [[got|𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=sōkjan]], [[ang|sēcan]] and [[non|sœkja]], continued in [[en|seek]].^(Kluge 2011|897)^(Kroonen 2013) Outside Germanic it is compared with [[la|sāgiō|t=to perceive keenly]], [[sga|saigid|t=seeks]] and [[grc|ἡγέομαι|tr=hēgéomai|t=I lead]], from [[ine-pro|*seh₂g-|t=to track, seek]];^(Kluge 2011|897)^(Kroonen 2013) Kluge takes the first sense to be the scenting of a hound.^(Kluge 2011|897)^(Kroonen 2013) It looks like a causative of the verb behind [[Sache]], but Kroonen notes that the e-grade of the Greek and Latin cognates makes such a formation unlikely.^(Kroonen 2013)^(Kluge 2011|897)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''bisuoh'' is found twice, in the Notker glosses of the second quarter of the 11th century, meaning “temptation”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|322) Middle High German ''besuoch'', from about 1300, meant “test”, “the right to use a place as pasture” and “interest on lent money”.^(Köbler MHD)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Early New High German still used it for the profit from money lent, interest or usury, and for a pasture.^(FWB) In hunting it named the search for game with the scent hound.^(DWB|1, 1688)

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+ The modern sense “the act of visiting” dates from the 17th century, and “visitor, guests” from the 18th.^(Pfeifer 1993) The fixed phrases ''einen Besuch abstatten'', ''zu Besuch gehen'' and ''zu Besuch sein'' are of the 18th century, ''auf Besuch sein'' of the 19th.^(Pfeifer 1993) [[m|sv|besök]] and [[m|da|besøg]] were borrowed from German.^(DWB|1, 1688)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * Second quarter of the 11th century – Old High German ''bisuoh'' “temptation” in the Notker glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 11th century – Old High German ''bisuohhen'' “to examine”; the sense “to visit” follows in the 17th century.^(Kluge 2011|115)

+ * c. 1300 – Middle High German ''besuoch'' “test, interest”.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 17th century – ''Besuch'' “the act of visiting”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 18th century – ''Besuch'' “visitor, guests”, and phrases such as ''zu Besuch sein''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|1, 1688)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|visit]], to a person, by a doctor, or to a place or event; also attendance: ''Nach dem Besuch des Museums gingen wir essen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) ''Der Besuch der Schule ist Pflicht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(no plural)'' A [[m|en|visitor]] or visitors, guests: ''Am Wochenende bekommen wir Besuch aus Hamburg.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Hausbesuch]]

+ * [[Staatsbesuch]]

+ * [[Krankenbesuch]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[besuchen]]

+ * [[Besucher]]

+ * [[suchen]]

+ * [[Versuch]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}