Weise German · revision 35325

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 765, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *weyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Germany: /ˈvaɪ̯zə/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria: /ˈvaɛ̯.sɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Weise''' ''f'' (genitive Weise, plural Weisen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|wīse|alt=wīs(e)]], [[inh|goh|wīsa|t=manner, way]], from a feminine noun [[gem-pro|*wīsō|t=manner]].^(Kluge 2011|979)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[osx|wīsa]], [[ang|wīse]], [[ofs|wīs]] and [[non|vísa|t=strophe, verse]], continued in [[nl|wijze]], [[en|wise|t=manner]] (now rare) and [[sv|vis]]; it is found in every early Germanic language except Gothic.^(Kluge 2011|979)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ It belongs to the root [[ine-pro|*weyd-|t=to see, know]] of [[wissen]], and Kluge and Pfeifer see in it an old s-stem like [[grc|εἶδος|tr=eîdos|t=appearance, form, kind]].^(Kluge 2011|979)^(Pfeifer 1993) The sense developed from “appearance” through “nature” to “way of behaving”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020) The Romance words [[fr|guise]] and [[it|guisa]] were borrowed from Germanic.^(DWB|28, 1045)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''wīs'' and ''wīsa'' are first recorded in glosses of about 765, then in Isidor, the Monsee fragments, the Tatian, Otfrid and Notker, with the senses “manner, way; custom; measure; melody”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|394) Kluge notes that the word first appears in adverbial phrases such as “in another way”.^(Kluge 2011|979)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Notker already uses ''wīsa'' for a melody, translating Latin ''modulatus'' and ''tonus'';^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) Duden suspects the influence of Latin ''modulatio''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) Middle High German paired ''wort und wīse'', text and tune.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) The phrase ''Art und Weise'' dates from the 16th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ Because of its general meaning the word served to replace adverbs, in phrases with ''auf'' and ''in'': ''auf die beste Weise'', ''in gewisser Weise''.^(Paul 2002) Genitive phrases governed by ''in'', such as Middle High German ''in zornes wīs'', gave the suffix [[-weise]], productive since the 16th century, in adverbs like ''glücklicherweise'', ''beispielsweise'' and ''stückweise''; since the 18th century such forms have also been used as adjectives, as in Lessing's ''das stufenweise Steigen''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 765 – Old High German ''wīs'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 1000 – Notker uses ''wīsa'' for “melody”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – The phrase ''Art und Weise'' and the suffix ''-weise'' become common.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 18th century – Words in ''-weise'' are also used as adjectives.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|way]], [[m|en|manner]], the form in which something happens or is done: ''Auf diese Weise sparen wir viel Zeit.'' ''Das ist in keiner Weise gerechtfertigt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A short, simple [[m|en|tune]] or melody of a song: ''Die Kinder sangen eine fröhliche Weise.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(grammar)'' The [[m|en|mood]] of a verb.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Ausdrucksweise]]

+ * [[Bauweise]]

+ * [[Denkweise]]

+ * [[Handlungsweise]]

+ * [[Herangehensweise]]

+ * [[Redeweise]]

+ * [[Sichtweise]]

+ * [[Sprechweise]]

+ * [[Verhaltensweise]]

+ * [[Vorgehensweise]]

+ * [[-weise]]

+ * [[beispielsweise]]

+ * [[glücklicherweise]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[wissen]]

+ * [[weise]]

+ * [[en|wise]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Der Weise'', ''die Weise'' “a wise person” (plural ''die Weisen'') is the adjective ''weise'' used as a noun and is not this word; it is best known from Luther's ''die Weisen vom Morgenland'' for the Magi (Matthew 2:1), as well as ''der Stein der Weisen'' “the philosopher's stone”.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|28, 1039) Colloquial ''in keinster Weise'' “in no way at all” is used humorously.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}