technisch German · revision 35321

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 18th century|origins=grc τέχνη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈtɛçnɪʃ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''technisch''' (strong nominative masculine singular technischer, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-new|technicus|t=technical, expert]], [[der|grc|τεχνικός|tr=tekhnikós|t=artistic, skilful, expert]], from [[m|grc|τέχνη|tr=tékhnē|t=craft, art, skill, science]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Kluge 2011|910) The Latin form was used in German from the middle of the 17th century, and the adjective with the German suffix [[m|de|-isch]] replaced it from the early 18th century.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) The Grimms' dictionary saw in it a model in [[fr|technique]],^(DWB) and the Duden dictionary of foreign words gives the route as Greek by way of French.^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ The Greek noun goes back to a form with /ks/ and belongs with [[m|grc|τέκτων|tr=téktōn|t=carpenter, builder]], the second part of [[Architekt]]; outside Greek it is related to [[la|texō|t=to weave, build]], the source of [[Text]].^(Duden 7 2007)^(Kluge 2011|910) Its German relatives are found under [[Dechsel|t=adze]].^(Kluge 2011|910)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch has the Latin form in 1698, in a plan for a dictionary that was to be “etymological, technical and usual”.^(DFWB) The first sense was “belonging to the language of a special field”: the Latin plural ''Technica'' meant technical terms, and ''Terminus technicus'' a technical term (from 1668).^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the early 18th century the adjective also meant “done according to the rules of an art or craft, expert, workmanlike”, at first of the traditional trades and arts.^(DFWB) In this older sense Goethe wrote of ''die technischen Kennzeichen der Gemählde'', the technical marks of paintings.^(DWB|21, 231) The phrases ''technischer Ausdruck'' and ''technisches Wort'' for a technical term appeared in the later 18th century and are now rare.^(DFWB)

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+ The modern sense “relating to technology, engineering” followed the noun [[Technik]], used by Kant in 1781 and spreading with modern industry.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Dutch took ''technisch'' from German in 1778.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * mid-17th century – The Latin form ''technicus'' is used in German texts.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)

+ * 1668 – First record of ''Terminus technicus''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1698 – ''technici'' in a plan for a German dictionary.^(DFWB)

+ * early 18th century – The German form ''technisch'' appears, meaning “according to the rules of an art”.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1765 – ''technische Kathedersprache'', the technical language of the lecture hall.^(DFWB)

+ * 1778 – Dutch borrows ''technisch''.^(LWP)

+ * 1781 – Kant uses the noun ''Technik''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Relating to [[m|en|technology]] or [[m|en|engineering]]: ''Sie studiert an einer technischen Universität.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Relating to the [[m|en|technique]] or skill needed to do something: ''Die Pianistin spielte technisch makellos.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # Relating to organisation or practical arrangements: ''Die Sitzung fiel aus technischen Gründen aus.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(dated)'' Belonging to the language of a special field: ''ein technischer Ausdruck''.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Techniker]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Technik]]

+ * [[Technologie]]

+ * [[Text]]

+ * [[Architekt]]

+ * [[en|technical]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}